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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 3.0RSC Advances

Red emissive carbon dots derived from raspberry leaves for enhanced photosynthesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings

  • Yalan Xu1
  • Zijun Zhang2
  • Xiaoli Sun1
  • Meihui Jiang1
  • Hao Wu1
  • Yueyi Xia1
  • Muhua Wang1
  • Luoxing Yang1
  1. 1Lishui University Lishui 323000 China
  2. 2Hubei University Wuhan Hubei Province 430062 China
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Abstract

Nanomaterials are emerging as promising regulators for boosting crop photosynthesis and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. Herein, red emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) were solvothermally synthesized using waste raspberry leaves as the biomass source. The obtained R-CDs display emission spectra that overlap well with the red-light absorption region of chlorophyll. Pot-cultivation assays on pea seedlings verified that R-CDs exert obvious concentration-dependent growth-promoting effects, with 0.75 mg mL−1 identified as the optimal concentration. At this concentration, seedlings root and shoot lengths, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were increased considerably, alongside enhanced accumulation of carbohydrates and chlorophyll a/b. R-CDs remarkably boosted key photosynthetic indices (Pn, Gsw, qP, ΦPSII, and ETR), optimizing gas exchange and photoresponse to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Structural characterizations identified eight-membered aromatic skeletons and abundant surface oxygen-containing groups in R-CDs. Theoretical simulations further confirmed the 1-2-COOH-3 site as the preferred binding site and reveal directional electron transfer (0.194e) from R-CDs to chlorophyll. This work realizes high-value reutilization of raspberry leaf residues and offers theoretical support for developing eco-friendly nano-agricultural materials.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xu2026emissive,
  title = {{Red emissive carbon dots derived from raspberry leaves for enhanced photosynthesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings}},
  author = {Yalan Xu and Zijun Zhang and Xiaoli Sun and Meihui Jiang and Hao Wu and Yueyi Xia and Muhua Wang and Luoxing Yang},
  journal = {RSC Advances},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1039/d6ra07907e},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07907e},
  note = {CC BY-NC 3.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Red emissive carbon dots derived from raspberry leaves for enhanced photosynthesis in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings
AU  - Yalan Xu
AU  - Zijun Zhang
AU  - Xiaoli Sun
AU  - Meihui Jiang
AU  - Hao Wu
AU  - Yueyi Xia
AU  - Muhua Wang
AU  - Luoxing Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/09
JO  - RSC Advances
DO  - 10.1039/d6ra07907e
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07907e
AB  - Nanomaterials are emerging as promising regulators for boosting crop photosynthesis and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. Herein, red emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) were solvothermally synthesized using waste raspberry leaves as the biomass source. The obtained R-CDs display emission spectra that overlap well with the red-light absorption region of chlorophyll. Pot-cultivation assays on pea seedlings verified that R-CDs exert obvious concentration-dependent growth-promoting effects, with 0.75 mg mL−1 identified as the optimal concentration. At this concentration, seedlings root and shoot lengths, diameter, fresh weight and dry weight were increased considerably, alongside enhanced accumulation of carbohydrates and chlorophyll a/b. R-CDs remarkably boosted key photosynthetic indices (Pn, Gsw, qP, ΦPSII, and ETR), optimizing gas exchange and photoresponse to enhance photosynthetic efficiency. Structural characterizations identified eight-membered aromatic skeletons and abundant surface oxygen-containing groups in R-CDs. Theoretical simulations further confirmed the 1-2-COOH-3 site as the preferred binding site and reveal directional electron transfer (0.194e) from R-CDs to chlorophyll. This work realizes high-value reutilization of raspberry leaf residues and offers theoretical support for developing eco-friendly nano-agricultural materials.
SN  - 2046-2069
ER  -