Nonlocal Dirac theory in curved spacetime and the Bunch--Davies vacuum
Abstract
We formulate a nonlocal spin-1/2 field theory in curved spacetime in which the form factor is a nonpolynomial entire function of the covariant Dirac operator. We derive the corresponding nonlocal Dirac equation and analyze its coupling to gravity and to a U(1) gauge field. As an application, we study the theory in the open chart of de Sitter spacetime and construct the associated nonlocal Bunch--Davies modes. The nonlocal dynamics can be mapped, branch by branch, onto the local Dirac equation with an effective mass Mn. For the exponential form factors considered here, the effective masses are expressed in terms of branches of the Lambert-W function. We show that the Euclidean analyticity structure of the Bunch--Davies construction is preserved. On the physical positive-residue branch, the Bogoliubov coefficients, squeezing parameter, occupation number, and entanglement entropy acquire explicit nonlocal corrections, while the absence of physical fermionic supercurvature modes is preserved. The local theory is smoothly recovered in the limit Λ→∞.
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BibTeX
@misc{porfirio2026nonlocal,
title = {{Nonlocal Dirac theory in curved spacetime and the Bunch--Davies vacuum}},
author = {Paulo José Porfírio and Ramires Nascimento da Silva},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.06390},
eprint = {2610.06390},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06390},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Nonlocal Dirac theory in curved spacetime and the Bunch--Davies vacuum
AU - Paulo José Porfírio
AU - Ramires Nascimento da Silva
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.06390
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06390
AB - We formulate a nonlocal spin-1/2 field theory in curved spacetime in which the form factor is a nonpolynomial entire function of the covariant Dirac operator. We derive the corresponding nonlocal Dirac equation and analyze its coupling to gravity and to a U(1) gauge field. As an application, we study the theory in the open chart of de Sitter spacetime and construct the associated nonlocal Bunch--Davies modes. The nonlocal dynamics can be mapped, branch by branch, onto the local Dirac equation with an effective mass M_n. For the exponential form factors considered here, the effective masses are expressed in terms of branches of the Lambert-W function. We show that the Euclidean analyticity structure of the Bunch--Davies construction is preserved. On the physical positive-residue branch, the Bogoliubov coefficients, squeezing parameter, occupation number, and entanglement entropy acquire explicit nonlocal corrections, while the absence of physical fermionic supercurvature modes is preserved. The local theory is smoothly recovered in the limit Λ→∞.
ER -