Chemical enrichment of the Perseus cluster core seen by XRISM/Resolve

@article{audard2026chemical,
  title = {{Chemical enrichment of the Perseus cluster core seen by XRISM/Resolve}},
  author = {Marc Audard and Hisamitsu Awaki and Ralf Ballhausen and Aya Bamba and Ehud Behar and Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin and Laura Brenneman and Gregory V Brown and Lia Corrales and Elisa Costantini and Renata Cumbee and Maria Diaz Trigo and Chris Done and Tadayasu Dotani and Ken Ebisawa and Megan E Eckart and Dominique Eckert and Satoshi Eguchi and Teruaki Enoto and Yuichiro Ezoe and Adam Foster and Ryuichi Fujimoto and Yutaka Fujita and Yasushi Fukazawa and Kotaro Fukushima and Akihiro Furuzawa and Luigi Gallo and Javier A García and Liyi Gu and Matteo Guainazzi and Kouichi Hagino and Kenji Hamaguchi and Isamu Hatsukade and Katsuhiro Hayashi and Takayuki Hayashi and Natalie Hell and Edmund Hodges-Kluck and Ann Hornschemeier and Yuto Ichinohe and Daiki Ishi and Manabu Ishida and Kumi Ishikawa and Yoshitaka Ishisaki and Jelle Kaastra and Timothy Kallman and Erin Kara and Satoru Katsuda and Yoshiaki Kanemaru and Richard Kelley and Caroline Kilbourne and Shunji Kitamoto and Shogo Kobayashi and Takayoshi Kohmura and Aya Kubota and Maurice Leutenegger and Michael Loewenstein and Yoshitomo Maeda and Maxim Markevitch and Hironori Matsumoto and Kyoko Matsushita},
  journal = {Astronomy \& Astrophysics - A\&A},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.1051/0004-6361/202659603},
  eprint = {2606.17141},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05773487v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Chemical enrichment of the Perseus cluster core seen by XRISM/Resolve
AU  - Marc Audard
AU  - Hisamitsu Awaki
AU  - Ralf Ballhausen
AU  - Aya Bamba
AU  - Ehud Behar
AU  - Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin
AU  - Laura Brenneman
AU  - Gregory V Brown
AU  - Lia Corrales
AU  - Elisa Costantini
AU  - Renata Cumbee
AU  - Maria Diaz Trigo
AU  - Chris Done
AU  - Tadayasu Dotani
AU  - Ken Ebisawa
AU  - Megan E Eckart
AU  - Dominique Eckert
AU  - Satoshi Eguchi
AU  - Teruaki Enoto
AU  - Yuichiro Ezoe
AU  - Adam Foster
AU  - Ryuichi Fujimoto
AU  - Yutaka Fujita
AU  - Yasushi Fukazawa
AU  - Kotaro Fukushima
AU  - Akihiro Furuzawa
AU  - Luigi Gallo
AU  - Javier A García
AU  - Liyi Gu
AU  - Matteo Guainazzi
AU  - Kouichi Hagino
AU  - Kenji Hamaguchi
AU  - Isamu Hatsukade
AU  - Katsuhiro Hayashi
AU  - Takayuki Hayashi
AU  - Natalie Hell
AU  - Edmund Hodges-Kluck
AU  - Ann Hornschemeier
AU  - Yuto Ichinohe
AU  - Daiki Ishi
AU  - Manabu Ishida
AU  - Kumi Ishikawa
AU  - Yoshitaka Ishisaki
AU  - Jelle Kaastra
AU  - Timothy Kallman
AU  - Erin Kara
AU  - Satoru Katsuda
AU  - Yoshiaki Kanemaru
AU  - Richard Kelley
AU  - Caroline Kilbourne
AU  - Shunji Kitamoto
AU  - Shogo Kobayashi
AU  - Takayoshi Kohmura
AU  - Aya Kubota
AU  - Maurice Leutenegger
AU  - Michael Loewenstein
AU  - Yoshitomo Maeda
AU  - Maxim Markevitch
AU  - Hironori Matsumoto
AU  - Kyoko Matsushita
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/12
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics - A&A
DO  - 10.1051/0004-6361/202659603
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05773487v1
AB  - Context. The intracluster medium (ICM) is rich in chemical elements, produced by core-collapse (SNcc) and Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) over the last ∼12 Gyr. While cluster outskirts are uniformly enriched with Fe at ∼0.3 solar, strongly suggesting that the gas had been pre-enriched during or before the assembly of galaxies into clusters, the Fe abundance is known to centrally increase in the core of relaxed clusters. The origin of these central Fe peaks however, as well as the apparent presence of mysterious drops previously reported in the very centre of a number of systems, remain to be clarified. Aims. In this paper, we address these two questions by measuring the spatial distribution of Fe and its relative Si/Fe, S/Fe, Ar/Fe, Ca/Fe, Cr/Fe, Mn/Fe, and Ni/Fe ratios in the X-ray bright, nearby Perseus cluster. Methods. We take advantage of the unprecedented spectral resolution (∼5 eV) offered by the Resolve microcalorimeter on board XRISM , which observed four distinct pointings of Perseus out to ∼250 kpc (∼0.2 r 500 ) during its performance verification phase. Results. Although the presence of an X-ray bright AGN challenges a precise quantification of absolute abundances in the very core, our baseline analysis rules out a strong drop with > 2 σ confidence, at variance with previous charge-coupled device (CCD) measurements. In addition, we find a remarkable spatial uniformity of X/Fe ratios, supporting the idea of negligible late SNIa enrichment from the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275. We also compare the overall chemical composition of the Perseus ICM with SNcc and SNIa nucleosynthesis yield models, finding that the co-existence of two separate SNIa enrichment channels is not needed to reproduce the ICM ratios satisfactorily.
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
ER  -