Area-product universality in multi-horizon black hole entropy
Abstract
Black-hole entropy and multi-horizon area-product relations represent two apparently distinct manifestations of universality, arising respectively from microscopic statistics and classical geometry. We show that these structures are unexpectedly connected. Extending a minimum-assumptions statistical discretization to multiple Killing horizons, with distinct horizon sectors treated as statistically independent, we derive a general area-product rule. In particular, while the leading Bekenstein-Hawking entropy probes the sum of the horizon areas, the logarithmic correction probes their product. Consequently, whenever the classical area product is mass independent, the logarithmic entropy automatically inherits this universality. We demonstrate this for Reissner-Nordström and, under an area-based extension to rotating horizons, Kerr-Newman black holes. However, Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter provides a crucial three-horizon counterexample, for which the area-product rule survives while mass independence is generically lost for the physical horizons. Thus, statistical area-product selection and classical universality are distinct properties. Our results uncover a structural connection between microscopic entropy counting and classical multi-horizon geometry that is invisible at the level of the leading area law, suggesting that logarithmic corrections encode distinctive information about the global horizon structure.
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BibTeX
@misc{telloortiz2026areaproduct,
title = {{Area-product universality in multi-horizon black hole entropy}},
author = {Francisco Tello-Ortiz and Y. Gómez-Leyton and Jean Báez Cuevas and Emmanuel N. Saridakis},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.26289},
eprint = {2609.26289},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26289},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Area-product universality in multi-horizon black hole entropy
AU - Francisco Tello-Ortiz
AU - Y. Gómez-Leyton
AU - Jean Báez Cuevas
AU - Emmanuel N. Saridakis
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.26289
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.26289
AB - Black-hole entropy and multi-horizon area-product relations represent two apparently distinct manifestations of universality, arising respectively from microscopic statistics and classical geometry. We show that these structures are unexpectedly connected. Extending a minimum-assumptions statistical discretization to multiple Killing horizons, with distinct horizon sectors treated as statistically independent, we derive a general area-product rule. In particular, while the leading Bekenstein-Hawking entropy probes the sum of the horizon areas, the logarithmic correction probes their product. Consequently, whenever the classical area product is mass independent, the logarithmic entropy automatically inherits this universality. We demonstrate this for Reissner-Nordström and, under an area-based extension to rotating horizons, Kerr-Newman black holes. However, Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter provides a crucial three-horizon counterexample, for which the area-product rule survives while mass independence is generically lost for the physical horizons. Thus, statistical area-product selection and classical universality are distinct properties. Our results uncover a structural connection between microscopic entropy counting and classical multi-horizon geometry that is invisible at the level of the leading area law, suggesting that logarithmic corrections encode distinctive information about the global horizon structure.
ER -