Jets with Streaks: the Global Dynamics and Structure of Striped Poynting flux dominated Jets
Abstract
Striped jets, characterized by magnetically dominated regions with alternating polarity, can enable fast magnetic energy dissipation in global current sheets formed in between the stripes, and are thus considered as a viable source for the high-energy emission observed in blazars and gamma-ray burst prompt emission. We perform the first global axisymmetric GRMHD simulations that follow the evolution of striped jets from their launching, by accretion of poloidal magnetic loops with alternating polarity onto a spinning black-hole, to their energy dissipation at large distances. The accretion of each loop launches a Poynting-flux-dominated mini-jet carrying a helical magnetic field whose polarity is inherited from the loop, and the collection of which forms the jet core. The relativistic core is surrounded by a non-relativistic sheath composed of returning fieldlines from previously launched mini-jets in a nested configuration. Efficient mini-jet launching requires poloidal loops in the accretion disk to form close to the black hole (r ≲ 50 rg); otherwise, they lose coherency due to turbulence. Once launched, the mini-jets accelerate electromagnetically, similar to steady-state jets, with the Lorentz factor increasing linearly with the jet cross-sectional radius as long as lateral causal contact with the jet axis is maintained. Current sheets form when two trailing mini-jets carrying oppositely directed magnetic fields come into contact. Early sheet formation is facilitated by the longitudinal expansion of the mini-jets, driven by internal pressure before the flow becomes super-fast-magnetosonic. We measure an energy dissipation rate of a few tens of percent of the jet Poynting power in the observer frame, within our simulation box of 104 rg. Our results can account for the bright superluminal features observed in BL Lac type blazars.
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BibTeX
@misc{chan2026jets,
title = {{Jets with Streaks: the Global Dynamics and Structure of Striped Poynting flux dominated Jets}},
author = {Ho-Sang Chan and Anna Chashkina and Omer Bromberg and Gregory R. Werner and Hayk Hakobyan},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.04796},
eprint = {2610.04796},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04796},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Jets with Streaks: the Global Dynamics and Structure of Striped Poynting flux dominated Jets
AU - Ho-Sang Chan
AU - Anna Chashkina
AU - Omer Bromberg
AU - Gregory R. Werner
AU - Hayk Hakobyan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.04796
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04796
AB - Striped jets, characterized by magnetically dominated regions with alternating polarity, can enable fast magnetic energy dissipation in global current sheets formed in between the stripes, and are thus considered as a viable source for the high-energy emission observed in blazars and gamma-ray burst prompt emission. We perform the first global axisymmetric GRMHD simulations that follow the evolution of striped jets from their launching, by accretion of poloidal magnetic loops with alternating polarity onto a spinning black-hole, to their energy dissipation at large distances. The accretion of each loop launches a Poynting-flux-dominated mini-jet carrying a helical magnetic field whose polarity is inherited from the loop, and the collection of which forms the jet core. The relativistic core is surrounded by a non-relativistic sheath composed of returning fieldlines from previously launched mini-jets in a nested configuration. Efficient mini-jet launching requires poloidal loops in the accretion disk to form close to the black hole (r ≲ 50 r_g); otherwise, they lose coherency due to turbulence. Once launched, the mini-jets accelerate electromagnetically, similar to steady-state jets, with the Lorentz factor increasing linearly with the jet cross-sectional radius as long as lateral causal contact with the jet axis is maintained. Current sheets form when two trailing mini-jets carrying oppositely directed magnetic fields come into contact. Early sheet formation is facilitated by the longitudinal expansion of the mini-jets, driven by internal pressure before the flow becomes super-fast-magnetosonic. We measure an energy dissipation rate of a few tens of percent of the jet Poynting power in the observer frame, within our simulation box of 10^4 r_g. Our results can account for the bright superluminal features observed in BL Lac type blazars.
ER -