On the Impact of Correlated Noise and Spectral Resolution on the Retrieval Analysis of the Habitable World Observatory
Abstract
Finding signs of life elsewhere in the universe is the holy grail of the field of exoplanets. Future space missions such as the Habitable World Observatory (HWO) are under development to search for biosignatures in exoplanets. We investigate the impact of correlated noise and spectral resolution on the retrieved biosignature chemical abundances. At the nominal spectral resolving power R=140 for HWO, we show that in 40\% of the simulated runs the retrieved biosignature (H2O and O2) abundances are at least 1-σ off the input ground truth. At R=1000, the 1-σ inaccuracy rate drops to 10\%. We provide an empirical relationship between the retrieved biosignature abundance uncertainty and the amplitude of the correlated noise. As part of the mitigation plan to reduce the impact of correlated noise on retrieval accuracy at low spectral resolution, we investigate the synergy between the HWO and LIFE space missions that cover ultraviolet, optical, and thermal-infrared wavelengths. After considering clouds and their effect on planet albedo, we find that the two missions are complementary in that (1) more biosignatures (H2O, CO2, O2, and O3) are detectable with a broader wavelength coverage; (2) retrieval uncertainty improves with the joint HWO+LIFE data set; and (3) LIFE is more sensitive to the atmospheric temperature profile, surface pressure, and planet radius. This work provides evidence to support the choice of a medium resolution at R=1000 instead of R=140 for HWO and a quantitative relationship between the retrieved abundance uncertainty and the level of correlated noise at different spectral resolutions.
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BibTeX
@misc{wang2026impact,
title = {{On the Impact of Correlated Noise and Spectral Resolution on the Retrieval Analysis of the Habitable World Observatory}},
author = {Ji Wang and Philipp A. Huber and Sascha P. Quanz},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.28748},
eprint = {2608.28748},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28748},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - On the Impact of Correlated Noise and Spectral Resolution on the Retrieval Analysis of the Habitable World Observatory
AU - Ji Wang
AU - Philipp A. Huber
AU - Sascha P. Quanz
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.28748
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28748
AB - Finding signs of life elsewhere in the universe is the holy grail of the field of exoplanets. Future space missions such as the Habitable World Observatory (HWO) are under development to search for biosignatures in exoplanets. We investigate the impact of correlated noise and spectral resolution on the retrieved biosignature chemical abundances. At the nominal spectral resolving power R=140 for HWO, we show that in 40\% of the simulated runs the retrieved biosignature (H_2O and O_2) abundances are at least 1-σ off the input ground truth. At R=1000, the 1-σ inaccuracy rate drops to 10\%. We provide an empirical relationship between the retrieved biosignature abundance uncertainty and the amplitude of the correlated noise. As part of the mitigation plan to reduce the impact of correlated noise on retrieval accuracy at low spectral resolution, we investigate the synergy between the HWO and LIFE space missions that cover ultraviolet, optical, and thermal-infrared wavelengths. After considering clouds and their effect on planet albedo, we find that the two missions are complementary in that (1) more biosignatures (H_2O, CO_2, O_2, and O_3) are detectable with a broader wavelength coverage; (2) retrieval uncertainty improves with the joint HWO+LIFE data set; and (3) LIFE is more sensitive to the atmospheric temperature profile, surface pressure, and planet radius. This work provides evidence to support the choice of a medium resolution at R=1000 instead of R=140 for HWO and a quantitative relationship between the retrieved abundance uncertainty and the level of correlated noise at different spectral resolutions.
ER -