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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Polypharmacy and Glycemic Status in Individuals with Diabetes and Pre-diabetes: Iranian Multi-Center Osteoporosis Study 2021

  • Sarmad SALEHI1
  • Azin RASHIDI2
  • Mohanna KHOJASTE3
  • Pardis ZAREPOUR1
  • Neda CHERAGHLOO1
  • Safoora GHARIBZADEH4
  • Ozra TABATABAEI MALAZY5
  • Afshin OSTOVAR6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
  5. 5Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract

Objectives: This study examined the association between polypharmacy and glycemic status among adults aged ≥ 50 years.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1,117 participants from the 2021 Iranian Multi-center Osteoporosis Study (XXX). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, clinical and biochemical measures, and medication use were collected using standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory assessments, and direct observation of medication packages. Polypharmacy was assessed using thresholds of ≥ 3 and ≥ 5 concurrent medications. Weighted prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between polypharmacy and glycemic status, with adjustment for relevant demographic and health-related factors.

Results: Polypharmacy was more common in individuals with diabetes than in those with pre-diabetes (≥ 3 medications: 49.89% vs. 28.25%; ≥ 5 medications: 26.28% vs. 9.82%).The mean number of medications was also higher among individuals with diabetes than among those with pre-diabetes (2.94 vs. 1.58). Among individuals receiving antidiabetic medications, polypharmacy defined as ≥ 5 medications was associated with higher odds of uncontrolled diabetes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.29]. Each additional medication was also associated with higher odds of uncontrolled diabetes (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.28).

Conclusion: Polypharmacy was associated with poorer glycemic control among adults aged ≥ 50 years. The association between polypharmacy and uncontrolled diabetes was particularly evident among those using ≥ 5 medications. These findings highlight the importance of considering overall medication burden when managing diabetes in this population.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{salehi2026polypharmacy,
  title = {{Polypharmacy and Glycemic Status in Individuals with Diabetes and Pre-diabetes: Iranian Multi-Center Osteoporosis Study 2021}},
  author = {Sarmad SALEHI and Azin RASHIDI and Mohanna KHOJASTE and Pardis ZAREPOUR and Neda CHERAGHLOO and Safoora GHARIBZADEH and Ozra TABATABAEI MALAZY and Afshin OSTOVAR},
  journal = {Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.4274/tjps.galenos.2026.92428},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2026.92428},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Polypharmacy and Glycemic Status in Individuals with Diabetes and Pre-diabetes: Iranian Multi-Center Osteoporosis Study 2021
AU  - Sarmad SALEHI
AU  - Azin RASHIDI
AU  - Mohanna KHOJASTE
AU  - Pardis ZAREPOUR
AU  - Neda CHERAGHLOO
AU  - Safoora GHARIBZADEH
AU  - Ozra TABATABAEI MALAZY
AU  - Afshin OSTOVAR
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
JO  - Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
DO  - 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2026.92428
UR  - https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2026.92428
AB  - Objectives: This study examined the association between polypharmacy and glycemic status among adults aged ≥ 50 years.  Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 1,117 participants from the 2021 Iranian Multi-center Osteoporosis Study (XXX). Data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, clinical and biochemical measures, and medication use were collected using standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, laboratory assessments, and direct observation of medication packages. Polypharmacy was assessed using thresholds of ≥ 3 and ≥ 5 concurrent medications. Weighted prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between polypharmacy and glycemic status, with adjustment for relevant demographic and health-related factors.  Results: Polypharmacy was more common in individuals with diabetes than in those with pre-diabetes (≥ 3 medications: 49.89% vs. 28.25%; ≥ 5 medications: 26.28% vs. 9.82%).The mean number of medications was also higher among individuals with diabetes than among those with pre-diabetes (2.94 vs. 1.58). Among individuals receiving antidiabetic medications, polypharmacy defined as ≥ 5 medications was associated with higher odds of uncontrolled diabetes [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.29]. Each additional medication was also associated with higher odds of uncontrolled diabetes (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.28).  Conclusion: Polypharmacy was associated with poorer glycemic control among adults aged ≥ 50 years. The association between polypharmacy and uncontrolled diabetes was particularly evident among those using ≥ 5 medications. These findings highlight the importance of considering overall medication burden when managing diabetes in this population.
SN  - 1304-530X
SN  - 2148-6247
ER  -