A Reconfigurable Pipelined-SAR ADC with Embedded Compression for Temporal Compressed-Sensing Ultrasound Imaging
Abstract
Compact ultrasound imaging systems are increasingly constrained by receiver-side sampling, conversion, memory, and data-transfer requirements. This work presents a compressed-sensing pipelined successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital converter (CS-SAR ADC) for acquisition-side temporal compression of pre-beamformed medical ultrasound radio-frequency (RF) data. Pseudo-random polarity modulation and charge-domain accumulation are embedded in the SAR sampling network so that multiple consecutive RF samples are encoded into one measurement before quantization, supporting temporal compression ratios of NcT=1, 2, and 4. The compressed outputs are recovered off chip using a probe-specific pulse-dictionary RF model and then processed with conventional ultrasound beamforming. A 65-nm CMOS prototype was measured with a 1.2-V supply and 50-MHz master clock. In the non-compressed mode, it operates at 10 MS/s, consumes 964.49~μW, and achieves 44.12-dB SNDR and 56.40-dB SFDR for a 7.7-kHz input. The ADC output rates decrease to 5 MS/s and 2.5 MS/s for NcT=2 and 4. Across all evaluated RF traces, median NCC values were 0.981 and 0.932, with median NRMSE values of 0.36 and 0.56, respectively. Wire-phantom localization error remained below 0.04 mm with no appreciable FWHM degradation. In the speckle-rich cyst phantom, SSIM remained 0.94 and 0.87, while CNR decreased from 3.534 in the reference to 2.047 and 1.379. These results demonstrate a hardware-realistic tradeoff in which temporal compression substantially reduces ADC conversion count and output data rate while preserving point-target geometry, whereas low-contrast cyst conspicuity is more compression-sensitive.
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BibTeX
@misc{zangabad2026reconfigurable,
title = {{A Reconfigurable Pipelined-SAR ADC with Embedded Compression for Temporal Compressed-Sensing Ultrasound Imaging}},
author = {Reza Pakdaman Zangabad and Xitie Zhang and Levent Degertekin and Shaolan Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.28847},
eprint = {2608.28847},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28847},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Reconfigurable Pipelined-SAR ADC with Embedded Compression for Temporal Compressed-Sensing Ultrasound Imaging
AU - Reza Pakdaman Zangabad
AU - Xitie Zhang
AU - Levent Degertekin
AU - Shaolan Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.28847
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.28847
AB - Compact ultrasound imaging systems are increasingly constrained by receiver-side sampling, conversion, memory, and data-transfer requirements. This work presents a compressed-sensing pipelined successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital converter (CS-SAR ADC) for acquisition-side temporal compression of pre-beamformed medical ultrasound radio-frequency (RF) data. Pseudo-random polarity modulation and charge-domain accumulation are embedded in the SAR sampling network so that multiple consecutive RF samples are encoded into one measurement before quantization, supporting temporal compression ratios of N_cT=1, 2, and 4. The compressed outputs are recovered off chip using a probe-specific pulse-dictionary RF model and then processed with conventional ultrasound beamforming. A 65-nm CMOS prototype was measured with a 1.2-V supply and 50-MHz master clock. In the non-compressed mode, it operates at 10 MS/s, consumes 964.49~μW, and achieves 44.12-dB SNDR and 56.40-dB SFDR for a 7.7-kHz input. The ADC output rates decrease to 5 MS/s and 2.5 MS/s for N_cT=2 and 4. Across all evaluated RF traces, median NCC values were 0.981 and 0.932, with median NRMSE values of 0.36 and 0.56, respectively. Wire-phantom localization error remained below 0.04 mm with no appreciable FWHM degradation. In the speckle-rich cyst phantom, SSIM remained 0.94 and 0.87, while CNR decreased from 3.534 in the reference to 2.047 and 1.379. These results demonstrate a hardware-realistic tradeoff in which temporal compression substantially reduces ADC conversion count and output data rate while preserving point-target geometry, whereas low-contrast cyst conspicuity is more compression-sensitive.
ER -