GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework
6 affiliations
- 1Xi’an Fanyi University, Xi’an, China
- 2Yunnan College of Business Management, Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- 3Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- 4Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
- 5Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China
- 6Xidian University, Xi’an, China
Abstract
This study examines how humanities undergraduates’ perceptions of GenAI interaction features relate to co-creation and future task confidence within a stimulus-organism-response framework. Drawing on survey data from 517 Chinese university students, we conducted observed-variable path analysis and bootstrap mediation analysis. The revised model allowed residual correlations among organism-level states measured in the same survey session and showed good fit (chi-square = 3.56, df = 2, CFI = .999, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .039, SRMR = .008). Perceived GenAI interaction features were positively associated with beneficial offloading, dependent offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy. Beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy were positively associated with both co-creation and future task confidence, whereas dependent offloading was not significantly associated with either outcome after the other organism variables were considered. Bootstrap analyses indicated significant indirect associations through beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy, but not through dependent offloading. Harman’s single-factor test indicated that the first unrotated factor explained 35.2% of the variance, below the conventional 50% threshold. Sensitivity analyses further examined a co-creation-to-future-confidence path and disaggregated stimulus features. The findings suggest that humanities students’ reported GenAI-supported co-creation and future task confidence are linked less to offloading in general than to productive offloading, agency, and confidence-supportive use.
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BibTeX
@article{song2026genaisupported,
title = {{GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework}},
author = {XiaCheng Song and Lu Sun and Huafeng Qu and Xiaojun Jiang and Jing Jin and Lulu Feng and Wenwen Song},
journal = {PLOS One},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0355282},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355282},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework
AU - XiaCheng Song
AU - Lu Sun
AU - Huafeng Qu
AU - Xiaojun Jiang
AU - Jing Jin
AU - Lulu Feng
AU - Wenwen Song
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
JO - PLOS One
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0355282
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355282
AB - This study examines how humanities undergraduates’ perceptions of GenAI interaction features relate to co-creation and future task confidence within a stimulus-organism-response framework. Drawing on survey data from 517 Chinese university students, we conducted observed-variable path analysis and bootstrap mediation analysis. The revised model allowed residual correlations among organism-level states measured in the same survey session and showed good fit (chi-square = 3.56, df = 2, CFI = .999, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .039, SRMR = .008). Perceived GenAI interaction features were positively associated with beneficial offloading, dependent offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy. Beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy were positively associated with both co-creation and future task confidence, whereas dependent offloading was not significantly associated with either outcome after the other organism variables were considered. Bootstrap analyses indicated significant indirect associations through beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy, but not through dependent offloading. Harman’s single-factor test indicated that the first unrotated factor explained 35.2% of the variance, below the conventional 50% threshold. Sensitivity analyses further examined a co-creation-to-future-confidence path and disaggregated stimulus features. The findings suggest that humanities students’ reported GenAI-supported co-creation and future task confidence are linked less to offloading in general than to productive offloading, agency, and confidence-supportive use.
SN - 1932-6203
ER -