Dry-drawn Bi2Te3-on-paper thermoresistive devices for respiration monitoring
- 1Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India, M. G. Kavu, Athani P.O., Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680581
- 2Department of Chemistry, St. Aloysius College, Elthuruth, Thrissur, Kerala, India, 680611
Abstract
Dry deposition on paper offers a simple route to resistive sensing devices. Here, micronized Bi2Te3 powder is rubbed onto copier paper through a tape mask, charcoal electrodes are drawn over the deposited layer, and copper leads are attached with conductive silver paste; the active layer requires no solvent, binder, vacuum processing or annealing. X-ray diffraction identifies rhombohedral Bi2Te3 with preferred (00l) orientation, while electron microscopy shows particles and platelets distributed over the fibrous substrate. Between 25 and 60 °C, the resistance of three devices follows an Arrhenius relationship with an apparent activation energy of 0.121 ± 0.005 eV, corresponding to a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −1.6 % °C−1 at 25 °C, several times larger in magnitude than that of pencil-drawn graphite. A room-temperature air puff onto a device held at 40 °C produces a 10–90 % response within ≈0.2 s, limited by the sampling rate of 10 readings s−1. Covering the channel with adhesive tape reduces the resistance change between 30 and 90 % relative humidity from ≈−30 % to less than 1 %. In a self-experiment by one of the authors, a tape-covered device positioned ≈1 cm below the nostrils exhibits resistance modulations of 2.3–7.2 % during bilateral and single-nostril breathing, with dominant spectral frequencies of 22–23 min−1. These results establish dry-drawn Bi2Te3 as a simple, solvent-free thermoresistive sensing material on paper and demonstrate its feasibility for respiration monitoring.
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BibTeX
@misc{rapaka2026drydrawn,
title = {{Dry-drawn Bi2Te3-on-paper thermoresistive devices for respiration monitoring}},
author = {Subash Chandra Bose Rapaka and Aparna Prasad and Riya Elizabeth John},
howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15010525/v1},
url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010525/v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Dry-drawn Bi2Te3-on-paper thermoresistive devices for respiration monitoring
AU - Subash Chandra Bose Rapaka
AU - Aparna Prasad
AU - Riya Elizabeth John
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
PB - ChemRxiv
DO - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15010525/v1
UR - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15010525/v1
AB - Dry deposition on paper offers a simple route to resistive sensing devices. Here, micronized Bi2Te3 powder is rubbed onto copier paper through a tape mask, charcoal electrodes are drawn over the deposited layer, and copper leads are attached with conductive silver paste; the active layer requires no solvent, binder, vacuum processing or annealing. X-ray diffraction identifies rhombohedral Bi2Te3 with preferred (00l) orientation, while electron microscopy shows particles and platelets distributed over the fibrous substrate. Between 25 and 60 °C, the resistance of three devices follows an Arrhenius relationship with an apparent activation energy of 0.121 ± 0.005 eV, corresponding to a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of −1.6 % °C−1 at 25 °C, several times larger in magnitude than that of pencil-drawn graphite. A room-temperature air puff onto a device held at 40 °C produces a 10–90 % response within ≈0.2 s, limited by the sampling rate of 10 readings s−1. Covering the channel with adhesive tape reduces the resistance change between 30 and 90 % relative humidity from ≈−30 % to less than 1 %. In a self-experiment by one of the authors, a tape-covered device positioned ≈1 cm below the nostrils exhibits resistance modulations of 2.3–7.2 % during bilateral and single-nostril breathing, with dominant spectral frequencies of 22–23 min−1. These results establish dry-drawn Bi2Te3 as a simple, solvent-free thermoresistive sensing material on paper and demonstrate its feasibility for respiration monitoring.
ER -