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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in veterinary science

In vitro investigation of probiotic-mediated enhancement of soluble protein utilization and rumen fermentation efficiency

  • Xiaoqing Yang1
  • Xiaoxue Ma1
  • Ning Chen2
  • Yayin Qi1
  • Shu Li1
  • Yanyan Wu1
  • Wenju Zhang1
  1. 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University , ,
  2. 2Xinjiang Agricultural Research Institute , ,
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Abstract

Introduction

This study aimed to develop probiotics capable of efficiently utilizing soluble protein (SP) and to evaluate their effects on rumen fermentation and microbiota under different substrate protein structures.Methods

Cottonseed meal, corn flour, and wheat bran were fermented with seven single strains and combinations of probiotics. The selected compound probiotic, Candida tropicalis and Enterococcus faecalis, was then used to prepare substrates with three SP:insoluble protein (ISP) ratios (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3) for in vitro rumen fermentation. Fermentation parameters and the rumen microbial community were assessed.Results

C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and E. faecalis outperformed the other single strains in increasing substrate SP. The combination of C. tropicalis and E. faecalis significantly increased the substrate SP proportion. At an SP:ISP ratio of 1:2.5, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and valerate were significantly increased. Crude protein degradation was significantly higher in the 1:2 and 1:2.5 groups than in the 1:3 group. The relative abundances of Streptococcus and Ruminobacter were significantly higher in the 1:2.5 group.Discussion

These in vitro findings provide preliminary evidence that optimizing the SP:ISP ratio in combination with compound probiotic supplementation may improve ruminal nitrogen utilization efficiency. Further in vivo validation is warranted.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yang2026vitro,
  title = {{In vitro investigation of probiotic-mediated enhancement of soluble protein utilization and rumen fermentation efficiency}},
  author = {Xiaoqing Yang and Xiaoxue Ma and Ning Chen and Yayin Qi and Shu Li and Yanyan Wu and Wenju Zhang},
  journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fvets.2026.1899102},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13726523},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - In vitro investigation of probiotic-mediated enhancement of soluble protein utilization and rumen fermentation efficiency
AU  - Xiaoqing Yang
AU  - Xiaoxue Ma
AU  - Ning Chen
AU  - Yayin Qi
AU  - Shu Li
AU  - Yanyan Wu
AU  - Wenju Zhang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/19
JO  - Frontiers in veterinary science
DO  - 10.3389/fvets.2026.1899102
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13726523
AB  - Introduction  This study aimed to develop probiotics capable of efficiently utilizing soluble protein (SP) and to evaluate their effects on rumen fermentation and microbiota under different substrate protein structures.Methods  Cottonseed meal, corn flour, and wheat bran were fermented with seven single strains and combinations of probiotics. The selected compound probiotic, Candida tropicalis and Enterococcus faecalis, was then used to prepare substrates with three SP:insoluble protein (ISP) ratios (1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3) for in vitro rumen fermentation. Fermentation parameters and the rumen microbial community were assessed.Results  C. tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and E. faecalis outperformed the other single strains in increasing substrate SP. The combination of C. tropicalis and E. faecalis significantly increased the substrate SP proportion. At an SP:ISP ratio of 1:2.5, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and valerate were significantly increased. Crude protein degradation was significantly higher in the 1:2 and 1:2.5 groups than in the 1:3 group. The relative abundances of Streptococcus and Ruminobacter were significantly higher in the 1:2.5 group.Discussion  These in vitro findings provide preliminary evidence that optimizing the SP:ISP ratio in combination with compound probiotic supplementation may improve ruminal nitrogen utilization efficiency. Further in vivo validation is warranted.
SN  - 2297-1769
ER  -