Development and Validation of a 12-Item Form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers
- 1Kanagawa University of Human Services
Abstract
AimsTo develop and validate the 12-item short form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers (PQP-12).
MethodsIn a cross-sectional study (n = 164 aged 3-6 years), 12 items (three per factor) were selected based on item-total correlations while retaining the four-factor structure; confirmatory factor, internal consistency, and construct validity analyses were conducted. In a cohort study (n = 275 aged 5-6 years), confirmatory factor and internal consistency analyses were reperformed in an independent sample, and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]), measurement error (standard error of measurement [SEM], minimal detectable change [MDC]), and responsiveness were examined.
ResultsThe four-factor model fit well in both samples (comparative fit index = 0.999/0.996) and was superior to the one-factor model. Cronbachs was 0.75 and 0.80 (subscales: 0.46- 0.92), with Factor 2s low value likely reflecting ceiling effects in the older sample. The PQP-12 correlated strongly with the original PQP (r = 0.86-0.95); 78% of construct-validity hypotheses and 80% of responsiveness hypotheses were supported. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.79-0.90), with SEM and MDC being reported.
ConclusionThe PQP-12 preserves the original PQPs structure and measurement properties while reducing respondent burden.
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BibTeX
@misc{nakamura2026development,
title = {{Development and Validation of a 12-Item Form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers}},
author = {T. Nakamura and H. Nagayama},
howpublished = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Development and Validation of a 12-Item Form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers
AU - T. Nakamura
AU - H. Nagayama
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - medRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735
UR - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.10.26362735v1
AB - AimsTo develop and validate the 12-item short form of the Participation Questionnaire for Preschoolers (PQP-12). MethodsIn a cross-sectional study (n = 164 aged 3-6 years), 12 items (three per factor) were selected based on item-total correlations while retaining the four-factor structure; confirmatory factor, internal consistency, and construct validity analyses were conducted. In a cohort study (n = 275 aged 5-6 years), confirmatory factor and internal consistency analyses were reperformed in an independent sample, and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]), measurement error (standard error of measurement [SEM], minimal detectable change [MDC]), and responsiveness were examined. ResultsThe four-factor model fit well in both samples (comparative fit index = 0.999/0.996) and was superior to the one-factor model. Cronbachs was 0.75 and 0.80 (subscales: 0.46- 0.92), with Factor 2s low value likely reflecting ceiling effects in the older sample. The PQP-12 correlated strongly with the original PQP (r = 0.86-0.95); 78% of construct-validity hypotheses and 80% of responsiveness hypotheses were supported. Test-retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.79-0.90), with SEM and MDC being reported. ConclusionThe PQP-12 preserves the original PQPs structure and measurement properties while reducing respondent burden.
ER -