Exploring the design space of SMART RHESINs as a modular nanocapsule platform for functional magnetic nanoparticles.
9 affiliations
- 1Faculty of Engineering, Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Karlsruhe Erzbergerstr. 121 76133 Karlsruhe Germany [email protected].
- 2Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany.
- 3Bruker BioSpin GmbH & Co. KG, Preclinical Imaging Division Rudolf-Plank-Straße 23 76275 Ettlingen Germany.
- 4Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany.
- 5Laboratoire Softmat, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France.
- 6Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain.
- 7Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth Universitätsstraße 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany.
- 8Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Röntgenweg 15 72076 Tübingen Germany.
- 9Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany.
Abstract
Magnetic core/shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) are central to emerging imaging and theranostic concepts, yet translating different magnetic payloads into a common, chemically addressable and functionally expandable architecture remains challenging. SMART RHESIN nanocapsules encapsulate different magnetic nanoparticle (NP) systems within a protective phenolic resin shell and permit structural variation and post-synthetic functionalisation. Here we map the design space of SMART RHESIN phenolic resin hollow nanocapsules across 52 reactions varying monomer choice, CSNP type, loading, co-encapsulation, and polymer additives. The platform incorporates magnetic payloads ranging from lab-synthesised magnetite to commercial iron oxides and cubic NPs, while identifying biogenic magnetosomes as a boundary case for the present synthesis conditions, with the resulting nanocapsule diameter (about 100 to 400 nm) and shell thickness (about 10 to 80 nm) varying systematically with the choice of CSNP system and reaction conditions. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) indicates reduced viscosity-induced phase shifts for selected representative formulations from this expanded compositional set, phantom MPI demonstrates multi-colour imaging that resolves aqueous and immobilised SR29 signals within a single field of view, and surface carboxylates enable post-synthetic modification, illustrated by ¹⁸F-radiolabelling for PET/CT. These findings establish SMART RHESINs as a versatile nanocapsule platform for integrating magnetic NPs with additional optical, radiochemical and future targeting functionalities.
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BibTeX
@article{feye2026exploring,
title = {{Exploring the design space of SMART RHESINs as a modular nanocapsule platform for functional magnetic nanoparticles.}},
author = {Julia Feye and David Rudolph and Jens Treptow and Eileen List and Luan Passini and Aritz Lafuente and Frank Mickoleit and Sophia Tessaro and Andreas Maurer and Serhat Ilbey and Jochen Franke and René Uebe and Dirk Schüler and Alejandro G Roca and Clément Roux and Hans-Achim Wagenknecht and Claus Feldmann and Peter W Roesky and Esther S Rösch},
journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. C},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6tc02161a},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899239},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Exploring the design space of SMART RHESINs as a modular nanocapsule platform for functional magnetic nanoparticles.
AU - Julia Feye
AU - David Rudolph
AU - Jens Treptow
AU - Eileen List
AU - Luan Passini
AU - Aritz Lafuente
AU - Frank Mickoleit
AU - Sophia Tessaro
AU - Andreas Maurer
AU - Serhat Ilbey
AU - Jochen Franke
AU - René Uebe
AU - Dirk Schüler
AU - Alejandro G Roca
AU - Clément Roux
AU - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
AU - Claus Feldmann
AU - Peter W Roesky
AU - Esther S Rösch
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/19
JO - Journal of materials chemistry. C
DO - 10.1039/d6tc02161a
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899239
AB - Magnetic core/shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) are central to emerging imaging and theranostic concepts, yet translating different magnetic payloads into a common, chemically addressable and functionally expandable architecture remains challenging. SMART RHESIN nanocapsules encapsulate different magnetic nanoparticle (NP) systems within a protective phenolic resin shell and permit structural variation and post-synthetic functionalisation. Here we map the design space of SMART RHESIN phenolic resin hollow nanocapsules across 52 reactions varying monomer choice, CSNP type, loading, co-encapsulation, and polymer additives. The platform incorporates magnetic payloads ranging from lab-synthesised magnetite to commercial iron oxides and cubic NPs, while identifying biogenic magnetosomes as a boundary case for the present synthesis conditions, with the resulting nanocapsule diameter (about 100 to 400 nm) and shell thickness (about 10 to 80 nm) varying systematically with the choice of CSNP system and reaction conditions. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) indicates reduced viscosity-induced phase shifts for selected representative formulations from this expanded compositional set, phantom MPI demonstrates multi-colour imaging that resolves aqueous and immobilised SR29 signals within a single field of view, and surface carboxylates enable post-synthetic modification, illustrated by ¹⁸F-radiolabelling for PET/CT. These findings establish SMART RHESINs as a versatile nanocapsule platform for integrating magnetic NPs with additional optical, radiochemical and future targeting functionalities.
SN - 2050-7526
SN - 2050-7534
ER -