Quantum anomaly detection in real scarce data
Abstract
Anomaly detection on small and unbalanced datasets remains very challenging in machine learning, although this scenario is common in several domains, including healthcare, cybersecurity, finance, and energy. Data augmentation and generative AI may mitigate training-data scarcity, but they often fall short because anomalies are, by definition, unpredictable, rare, and highly diverse events compared to high-probability normal data. Overfitting to pseudo-anomalies, model collapse, high-dimensional data, uninterpretable black-box models, and validation challenges are typical issues limiting their practical applicability. In this context, quantum machine learning may provide a promising and more sustainable avenue because it can enable more interpretable models with far fewer trainable parameters and smaller datasets, implementable on energy-efficient quantum hardware. Here, we propose a novel two-step hybrid classical--quantum architecture for sequential data and test it on a realistic scenario in the global energy-transition domain, i.e., automated anomaly detection in large-scale photovoltaic plants. The achieved generalization capability and competitive prediction accuracy may pave the way for new hybrid learning models able to exploit the continuously increasing power of cloud-available and more sustainable quantum accelerators integrated with more traditional energy-hungry High Performance Computing resources.
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BibTeX
@misc{casciaro2026quantum,
title = {{Quantum anomaly detection in real scarce data}},
author = {Emanuele Casciaro and Fabio Mascherpa and Alfonso Amendola and Filippo Caruso},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.09635},
eprint = {2610.09635},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09635},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Quantum anomaly detection in real scarce data
AU - Emanuele Casciaro
AU - Fabio Mascherpa
AU - Alfonso Amendola
AU - Filippo Caruso
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.09635
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.09635
AB - Anomaly detection on small and unbalanced datasets remains very challenging in machine learning, although this scenario is common in several domains, including healthcare, cybersecurity, finance, and energy. Data augmentation and generative AI may mitigate training-data scarcity, but they often fall short because anomalies are, by definition, unpredictable, rare, and highly diverse events compared to high-probability normal data. Overfitting to pseudo-anomalies, model collapse, high-dimensional data, uninterpretable black-box models, and validation challenges are typical issues limiting their practical applicability. In this context, quantum machine learning may provide a promising and more sustainable avenue because it can enable more interpretable models with far fewer trainable parameters and smaller datasets, implementable on energy-efficient quantum hardware. Here, we propose a novel two-step hybrid classical--quantum architecture for sequential data and test it on a realistic scenario in the global energy-transition domain, i.e., automated anomaly detection in large-scale photovoltaic plants. The achieved generalization capability and competitive prediction accuracy may pave the way for new hybrid learning models able to exploit the continuously increasing power of cloud-available and more sustainable quantum accelerators integrated with more traditional energy-hungry High Performance Computing resources.
ER -