Preparation of P-C₃N₄/red mud composites for enhanced photo-Fenton degradation of rhodamine B.
- 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tarim University Aral Xinjiang 843300 China [email protected].
- 2South Xinjiang Chemical Resource Utilization Engineering Laboratory, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Aral Xinjiang 843300 China.
Abstract
Red mud (RM), a bauxite residue with high alkalinity and abundant iron phases, remains underutilized. Herein, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst was constructed by integrating phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-C₃N₄) with RM via an impregnation-thermal route. Characterizations confirmed P incorporation into the heptazine network and robust interfacial interaction between P-C₃N₄ and iron-rich RM components (hematite and goethite). The optimized P-C₃N₄/RM (3) composite exhibited an apparent band gap of 1.6 eV, markedly enhanced visible-light absorption, and improved photocurrent response versus pristine g-C₃N₄ (2.7 eV). Under visible-light/H₂O₂ conditions, the catalyst achieved 99.7% rhodamine B degradation within 120 min of irradiation, with an apparent rate constant of 0.036 min⁻¹, substantially outperforming bare g-C₃N₄, P-C₃N₄, and pristine RM. The system maintained high efficiency in the pH 3-6 range and remained active in the pH 7-9 range, and it also showed good tolerance to coexisting anions and humic acid. After three consecutive cycles, the catalyst retained 96% activity. Radical quenching and ESR analyses identified ·OH and ¹O₂ as the dominant reactive species, with Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ cycling sustaining H₂O₂ activation. This work offers a waste-derived catalytic platform that simultaneously valorizes RM and treats dye-laden wastewater, providing a sustainable strategy for industrial solid waste management.
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BibTeX
@article{wu2026preparation,
title = {{Preparation of P-C₃N₄/red mud composites for enhanced photo-Fenton degradation of rhodamine B.}},
author = {Chao Wu and Ying Wu},
journal = {RSC advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1039/d6ra08398f},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923252},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Preparation of P-C₃N₄/red mud composites for enhanced photo-Fenton degradation of rhodamine B.
AU - Chao Wu
AU - Ying Wu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/22
JO - RSC advances
DO - 10.1039/d6ra08398f
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923252
AB - Red mud (RM), a bauxite residue with high alkalinity and abundant iron phases, remains underutilized. Herein, a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst was constructed by integrating phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-C₃N₄) with RM via an impregnation-thermal route. Characterizations confirmed P incorporation into the heptazine network and robust interfacial interaction between P-C₃N₄ and iron-rich RM components (hematite and goethite). The optimized P-C₃N₄/RM (3) composite exhibited an apparent band gap of 1.6 eV, markedly enhanced visible-light absorption, and improved photocurrent response versus pristine g-C₃N₄ (2.7 eV). Under visible-light/H₂O₂ conditions, the catalyst achieved 99.7% rhodamine B degradation within 120 min of irradiation, with an apparent rate constant of 0.036 min⁻¹, substantially outperforming bare g-C₃N₄, P-C₃N₄, and pristine RM. The system maintained high efficiency in the pH 3-6 range and remained active in the pH 7-9 range, and it also showed good tolerance to coexisting anions and humic acid. After three consecutive cycles, the catalyst retained 96% activity. Radical quenching and ESR analyses identified ·OH and ¹O₂ as the dominant reactive species, with Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ cycling sustaining H₂O₂ activation. This work offers a waste-derived catalytic platform that simultaneously valorizes RM and treats dye-laden wastewater, providing a sustainable strategy for industrial solid waste management.
SN - 2046-2069
ER -