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Peer-reviewedCC BYPLOS One

Effect of heart rate on hemodynamics in patient-specific intracranial aneurysms: An in vitro study

  • Baha Al-Deen T El-Khader1
  • Nikhil Shirdade1
  • Jana Korte2,3
  • Daniel Behme3,4
  • Philipp Berg3,5
  • Ephraim W Church6
  • Melissa C Brindise1
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
  2. 2Department of Fluid dynamics and Technical flows, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  3. 3STIMULATE Research Campus, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  4. 4Clinic for Neuroradiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  5. 5Chair in Healthcare Telematics and Medical Engineering, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
  6. 6Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Abstract

The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) has been linked to local hemodynamic environments, but it remains unclear how transient physiological states such as elevated heart rate modulate those environments, and whether different aneurysm geometries respond similarly. Here, we used volumetric particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to measure 3D velocity fields in two patient-specific IA phantoms, a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm and a left vertebral artery (LVA) aneurysm, under three heart rates representative of rest (60 bpm), active movement (100 bpm), and exercise (137 bpm). From these measurements, we quantified coherent structures, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Increasing heart rate did not simply increase peak inflow; it altered the temporal organization of the flow. In the MCA aneurysm, higher heart rates produced a stronger, more anchored intra-saccular vortex and elevated coherent-structure strength and TKE that persisted into mid- and end-diastole, along with broader spatial coverage of elevated WSS that remained high beyond peak systole. The LVA aneurysm exhibited a more muted response, with minimal changes in streamline topology and WSS across heart rates. These results show that heart rate can drive prolonged high-shear, high-energy loading within the cardiac cycle, but that this amplification is morphology-dependent and non-monotonic rather than universal.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{elkhader2026effect,
  title = {{Effect of heart rate on hemodynamics in patient-specific intracranial aneurysms: An in vitro study}},
  author = {Baha Al-Deen T El-Khader and Nikhil Shirdade and Jana Korte and Daniel Behme and Philipp Berg and Ephraim W Church and Melissa C Brindise},
  journal = {PLOS One},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0359941},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359941},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effect of heart rate on hemodynamics in patient-specific intracranial aneurysms: An in vitro study
AU  - Baha Al-Deen T El-Khader
AU  - Nikhil Shirdade
AU  - Jana Korte
AU  - Daniel Behme
AU  - Philipp Berg
AU  - Ephraim W Church
AU  - Melissa C Brindise
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - PLOS One
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0359941
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0359941
AB  - The rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) has been linked to local hemodynamic environments, but it remains unclear how transient physiological states such as elevated heart rate modulate those environments, and whether different aneurysm geometries respond similarly. Here, we used volumetric particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to measure 3D velocity fields in two patient-specific IA phantoms, a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm and a left vertebral artery (LVA) aneurysm, under three heart rates representative of rest (60 bpm), active movement (100 bpm), and exercise (137 bpm). From these measurements, we quantified coherent structures, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), wall shear stress (WSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI). Increasing heart rate did not simply increase peak inflow; it altered the temporal organization of the flow. In the MCA aneurysm, higher heart rates produced a stronger, more anchored intra-saccular vortex and elevated coherent-structure strength and TKE that persisted into mid- and end-diastole, along with broader spatial coverage of elevated WSS that remained high beyond peak systole. The LVA aneurysm exhibited a more muted response, with minimal changes in streamline topology and WSS across heart rates. These results show that heart rate can drive prolonged high-shear, high-energy loading within the cardiac cycle, but that this amplification is morphology-dependent and non-monotonic rather than universal.
SN  - 1932-6203
ER  -