Energy-filtered readout preserves gap-enhanced sensing in interacting quantum dots
Abstract
A small excitation gap makes a quantum dot a sensitive probe of a weak electric field, but the charge detector reading it can also excite it. We calculate how much of this enhancement survives continuous readout for two interacting electrons tuned through a confinement-driven crossover in a gate-defined dot. The probe is a few-level system read by a weakly coupled linear detector, with second-order transition rates and information from the mean detector current, for gaps up to a few hundred microelectronvolts, couplings up to 50 μeV and temperatures up to 100 mK. The outcome depends on the energy structure of the detector, not only its noise. A quantum point contact measures more strongly at higher bias but, once the bias energy exceeds the gap, also excites the probe; when this back-action dominates the relaxation of the probe, the optimised information rate grows only as the inverse of the gap. A sensor quantum dot with a narrow level instead reaches full strength at a bias below the gap, where a non-interacting detector cannot excite it at zero temperature. This energy-filtered readout keeps the inverse-square gap dependence of the quantum Fisher information down to gaps comparable to the level width of the detector or ten times the thermal energy. At the tested operating points, higher probe states change the sensitivities by up to 6% and the exponents by up to 0.06; coherence corrections to the populations and transduced signal are negligible, and any gain from the full detector record is unresolved within 1-2% numerical uncertainty. Under the same conditions the interacting pair gives about three times the information rate of a single electron with the same gap and detector, for contact and Coulomb-type interactions alike. The different gap dependences and optimal biases of the two detectors can be tested by bias and gate sweeps on charge-sensed double dots.
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BibTeX
@misc{abdullah2026energyfiltered,
title = {{Energy-filtered readout preserves gap-enhanced sensing in interacting quantum dots}},
author = {Shirwan Abdullah},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.04063},
eprint = {2610.04063},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04063},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Energy-filtered readout preserves gap-enhanced sensing in interacting quantum dots
AU - Shirwan Abdullah
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.04063
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04063
AB - A small excitation gap makes a quantum dot a sensitive probe of a weak electric field, but the charge detector reading it can also excite it. We calculate how much of this enhancement survives continuous readout for two interacting electrons tuned through a confinement-driven crossover in a gate-defined dot. The probe is a few-level system read by a weakly coupled linear detector, with second-order transition rates and information from the mean detector current, for gaps up to a few hundred microelectronvolts, couplings up to 50 μeV and temperatures up to 100 mK. The outcome depends on the energy structure of the detector, not only its noise. A quantum point contact measures more strongly at higher bias but, once the bias energy exceeds the gap, also excites the probe; when this back-action dominates the relaxation of the probe, the optimised information rate grows only as the inverse of the gap. A sensor quantum dot with a narrow level instead reaches full strength at a bias below the gap, where a non-interacting detector cannot excite it at zero temperature. This energy-filtered readout keeps the inverse-square gap dependence of the quantum Fisher information down to gaps comparable to the level width of the detector or ten times the thermal energy. At the tested operating points, higher probe states change the sensitivities by up to 6% and the exponents by up to 0.06; coherence corrections to the populations and transduced signal are negligible, and any gain from the full detector record is unresolved within 1-2% numerical uncertainty. Under the same conditions the interacting pair gives about three times the information rate of a single electron with the same gap and detector, for contact and Coulomb-type interactions alike. The different gap dependences and optimal biases of the two detectors can be tested by bias and gate sweeps on charge-sensed double dots.
ER -