Thermal Runaway Characteristics of Batteries with Manganese-Based Composite Cathode Materials Triggered by Electromagnetic Induction Heating and Lateral Heating
- 1State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility (SKLIGVM), School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- 2School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Abstract
Trigger selection underpins thermal runaway (TR) and thermal propagation (TP) testing of lithium-ion batteries, yet its influence on the TR response is rarely quantified, and data for a cell with manganese-based composite cathode (MCC) material are scarce. Here, a fully charged 130 Ah prismatic cell using MCC was driven into TR by high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating and by lateral plate heating in identical fixtures, and each response was resolved into four stages. A 12-s induction pulse initiated TR from a local nucleus: flame ejection followed venting by 9 s, the trigger-point temperature peaked at 682.6 °C, and the voltage collapsed in two stages with a ~3.0-V, ~14-s plateau, the signature of an expanding local short circuit. Lateral heating required 273 s of whole-cell preheating and produced a faster, hotter event: a jet flame ~20 s after venting, whole-cell involvement within 10.4 s, a 775.4 °C peak, and a single-stage ~20-s collapse. Induction heating thus provides rapid, position-selectable initiation with minimal additional energy input, which is well suited to propagation testing, whereas standard-compliant lateral heating represents external-fire abuse; these results provide the first cell-level reference data for MCC thermal runaway, quantify how the triggering method alone alters the TR response, and identify the voltage-collapse morphology as a diagnostic of the initiation mode.
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BibTeX
@article{jin2026thermal,
title = {{Thermal Runaway Characteristics of Batteries with Manganese-Based Composite Cathode Materials Triggered by Electromagnetic Induction Heating and Lateral Heating}},
author = {Changyong Jin and Shiding Zhou and Jing Feng and Hongxu Li and Chengshan Xu},
journal = {Batteries},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/batteries12100418},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/418},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Thermal Runaway Characteristics of Batteries with Manganese-Based Composite Cathode Materials Triggered by Electromagnetic Induction Heating and Lateral Heating
AU - Changyong Jin
AU - Shiding Zhou
AU - Jing Feng
AU - Hongxu Li
AU - Chengshan Xu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/12
JO - Batteries
DO - 10.3390/batteries12100418
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/12/10/418
AB - Trigger selection underpins thermal runaway (TR) and thermal propagation (TP) testing of lithium-ion batteries, yet its influence on the TR response is rarely quantified, and data for a cell with manganese-based composite cathode (MCC) material are scarce. Here, a fully charged 130 Ah prismatic cell using MCC was driven into TR by high-frequency electromagnetic induction heating and by lateral plate heating in identical fixtures, and each response was resolved into four stages. A 12-s induction pulse initiated TR from a local nucleus: flame ejection followed venting by 9 s, the trigger-point temperature peaked at 682.6 °C, and the voltage collapsed in two stages with a ~3.0-V, ~14-s plateau, the signature of an expanding local short circuit. Lateral heating required 273 s of whole-cell preheating and produced a faster, hotter event: a jet flame ~20 s after venting, whole-cell involvement within 10.4 s, a 775.4 °C peak, and a single-stage ~20-s collapse. Induction heating thus provides rapid, position-selectable initiation with minimal additional energy input, which is well suited to propagation testing, whereas standard-compliant lateral heating represents external-fire abuse; these results provide the first cell-level reference data for MCC thermal runaway, quantify how the triggering method alone alters the TR response, and identify the voltage-collapse morphology as a diagnostic of the initiation mode.
SN - 2313-0105
ER -