Tracing information propagation in fish schools with a conditioned escape response
Abstract
Collective escape responses are widespread in animal groups, yet how threat-related information spreads from a few informed individuals to the collective remains poorly understood because the identities of the individuals who initially detect danger are rarely experimentally controlled. Here, we combined aversive conditioning, behavioural tracking, and computational modelling to investigate how escape information propagates through schools of Puntigrus tetrazona. We conditioned selected fish to associate a green light with an aversive stimulus. Subsequently, we tested the escape response of schools containing one informed and four naive fish to the green light. One informed fish was sufficient to trigger a collective escape response. Upon stimulus onset, conditioned fish accelerated and crossed the hurdle, after which naive fish sequentially increased their speed and followed. Temporal correlations in speed revealed a hierarchical leader-follower structure mostly aligned with hurdle-crossing order. Neither initial distance, viewing angle, nor relative orientation to informed fish predicted the order of the escape sequence. An agent-based model incorporating local alignment and distance regulation reproduced experimental observations and suggested that the informed individual likely remains partly attentive to its neighbours during escape. Overall, our work provides a general framework for experimentally dissecting information transfer in animal groups and identifying the behavioural mechanisms underlying collective escape dynamics.
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BibTeX
@misc{jadhav2026tracing,
title = {{Tracing information propagation in fish schools with a conditioned escape response}},
author = {Vivek Jadhav and Cassandre Aimon and Fathimath Lamshana and Dari Trendafilov and Ramón Escobedo and Clément Sire and Guy Theraulaz and Vishwesha Guttal},
howpublished = {HAL},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.64898/2026.08.04.742699},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05825704v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Tracing information propagation in fish schools with a conditioned escape response
AU - Vivek Jadhav
AU - Cassandre Aimon
AU - Fathimath Lamshana
AU - Dari Trendafilov
AU - Ramón Escobedo
AU - Clément Sire
AU - Guy Theraulaz
AU - Vishwesha Guttal
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/05
PB - HAL
DO - 10.64898/2026.08.04.742699
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05825704v1
AB - Collective escape responses are widespread in animal groups, yet how threat-related information spreads from a few informed individuals to the collective remains poorly understood because the identities of the individuals who initially detect danger are rarely experimentally controlled. Here, we combined aversive conditioning, behavioural tracking, and computational modelling to investigate how escape information propagates through schools of Puntigrus tetrazona. We conditioned selected fish to associate a green light with an aversive stimulus. Subsequently, we tested the escape response of schools containing one informed and four naive fish to the green light. One informed fish was sufficient to trigger a collective escape response. Upon stimulus onset, conditioned fish accelerated and crossed the hurdle, after which naive fish sequentially increased their speed and followed. Temporal correlations in speed revealed a hierarchical leader-follower structure mostly aligned with hurdle-crossing order. Neither initial distance, viewing angle, nor relative orientation to informed fish predicted the order of the escape sequence. An agent-based model incorporating local alignment and distance regulation reproduced experimental observations and suggested that the informed individual likely remains partly attentive to its neighbours during escape. Overall, our work provides a general framework for experimentally dissecting information transfer in animal groups and identifying the behavioural mechanisms underlying collective escape dynamics.
ER -