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PreprintCC BYChemRxiv

Where to Site Direct Air Capture? Optimal Global Supply Chains from Capture to Storage

  • Vittoria Bolongaro1,2
  • Tom Terlouw3,4,5,2
  • Gian Kaufmann1,2
  • Vincent Dufour-Décieux1,2
  • Nicoletta Brazzola6,7,8
  • André Bardow1,2
8 affiliations
  1. 1Energy and Process Systems Engineering
  2. 2Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich
  3. 3Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis
  4. 4Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Centers for Nuclear Engineering and Sciences and for Energy and Environmental Sciences
  5. 5Chair of Energy Systems Analysis
  6. 6German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP
  7. 7Department of Earth Sciences
  8. 8Oxford University
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Abstract

The cost and net removal efficiency of direct air capture with CO2 storage (DACCS) depend strongly on siting, power supply, and how captured CO2 reaches storage. Here, we present a globally resolved (1° × 1°) assessment of solid-sorbent DACCS supply chains for near-term and mid-century scenarios, coupling hourly techno-economic optimization, (prospective) life-cycle assessment, and multimodal CO2 transport to storage to estimate net levelized costs of carbon dioxide removal that account for cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions. In the near-term, the cheapest sites require ∼1,100–1,200 USD/tCO2 in the central United States and western Australia; cost is governed less by CO2 capture than by access to CO2 transport and storage and the regional cost of capital, while local wind resources enable the cheapest sites. A siting hierarchy emerges: proximity to geological storage is preferred, and a well-connected port is a near-equivalent substitute where storage is distant. By 2050, a lower-carbon global economy, cheaper CO2 transport, and technological learning broaden low-cost deployment, with ∼98% of sites below 1,000 USD/tCO2 (cheapest ∼370) at a median ∼93% removal efficiency. Near-term first-mover regions remain the lowest in cost, indicating low risk of stranded assets.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{bolongaro2026where,
  title = {{Where to Site Direct Air Capture? Optimal Global Supply Chains from Capture to Storage}},
  author = {Vittoria Bolongaro and Tom Terlouw and Gian Kaufmann and Vincent Dufour-Décieux and Nicoletta Brazzola and André Bardow},
  howpublished = {ChemRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv.15011130/v1},
  url = {https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15011130/v1},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Where to Site Direct Air Capture? Optimal Global Supply Chains from Capture to Storage
AU  - Vittoria Bolongaro
AU  - Tom Terlouw
AU  - Gian Kaufmann
AU  - Vincent Dufour-Décieux
AU  - Nicoletta Brazzola
AU  - André Bardow
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/27
PB  - ChemRxiv
DO  - 10.26434/chemrxiv.15011130/v1
UR  - https://chemrxiv.org/doi/full/10.26434/chemrxiv.15011130/v1
AB  - The cost and net removal efficiency of direct air capture with CO2 storage (DACCS) depend strongly on siting, power supply, and how captured CO2 reaches storage. Here, we present a globally resolved (1° × 1°) assessment of solid-sorbent DACCS supply chains for near-term and mid-century scenarios, coupling hourly techno-economic optimization, (prospective) life-cycle assessment, and multimodal CO2 transport to storage to estimate net levelized costs of carbon dioxide removal that account for cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emissions. In the near-term, the cheapest sites require ∼1,100–1,200 USD/tCO2 in the central United States and western Australia; cost is governed less by CO2 capture than by access to CO2 transport and storage and the regional cost of capital, while local wind resources enable the cheapest sites. A siting hierarchy emerges: proximity to geological storage is preferred, and a well-connected port is a near-equivalent substitute where storage is distant. By 2050, a lower-carbon global economy, cheaper CO2 transport, and technological learning broaden low-cost deployment, with ∼98% of sites below 1,000 USD/tCO2 (cheapest ∼370) at a median ∼93% removal efficiency. Near-term first-mover regions remain the lowest in cost, indicating low risk of stranded assets.
ER  -