Material dependence of direct light-induced charge injection from metallic nanoparticles into adsorbates
Abstract
Direct injection of charge from metallic nanoparticles into adsorbed molecules via the chemical interface damping of localized surface plasmons has emerged as a promising avenue to avoid the rapid thermalization of hot carriers. In this paper, we develop an approach for predicting hot-electron and hot-hole injection rates from large spherical nanoparticles into adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) molecules. The approach combines a detailed description of the adsorbate-metal interactions via ab initio density functional theory with a macroscopic electrodynamics treatment of the localized surface plasmon. We apply this approach to nine different metals including both traditional (Ag, Au, Cu) and emerging (Al) plasmonic metals as well as non-plasmonic metals (Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt). For all metals, hot-electron injection is larger than hot-hole injection. This is a consequence of the alignment of the CO frontier orbitals, with the CO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) being closer to the metal Fermi energy than the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The largest electron injection rates in the optical photon ranges are obtained for Al, Ag, Cu and Au, with Cu and Au showing significant plasmonic enhancement. The non-plasmonic metals show weak electron injection as a consequence of their high LUMO energies relative to the metal Fermi level. The results of our study pave the way towards a rational design of metallic nanoscale photocatalysts for specific chemical processes.
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BibTeX
@misc{edwards2026material,
title = {{Material dependence of direct light-induced charge injection from metallic nanoparticles into adsorbates}},
author = {Jordan Alan Edwards and Johannes Lischner},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20886},
eprint = {2610.20886},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20886},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Material dependence of direct light-induced charge injection from metallic nanoparticles into adsorbates
AU - Jordan Alan Edwards
AU - Johannes Lischner
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20886
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20886
AB - Direct injection of charge from metallic nanoparticles into adsorbed molecules via the chemical interface damping of localized surface plasmons has emerged as a promising avenue to avoid the rapid thermalization of hot carriers. In this paper, we develop an approach for predicting hot-electron and hot-hole injection rates from large spherical nanoparticles into adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) molecules. The approach combines a detailed description of the adsorbate-metal interactions via ab initio density functional theory with a macroscopic electrodynamics treatment of the localized surface plasmon. We apply this approach to nine different metals including both traditional (Ag, Au, Cu) and emerging (Al) plasmonic metals as well as non-plasmonic metals (Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt). For all metals, hot-electron injection is larger than hot-hole injection. This is a consequence of the alignment of the CO frontier orbitals, with the CO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) being closer to the metal Fermi energy than the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The largest electron injection rates in the optical photon ranges are obtained for Al, Ag, Cu and Au, with Cu and Au showing significant plasmonic enhancement. The non-plasmonic metals show weak electron injection as a consequence of their high LUMO energies relative to the metal Fermi level. The results of our study pave the way towards a rational design of metallic nanoscale photocatalysts for specific chemical processes.
ER -