Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health among Korean adolescents: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007–2022
- 1Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, 33 Samyang-ro 144-gil, Dobong-gu, Seoul, 01369 Republic of Korea
- 2Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which diet profoundly influences lifelong health. However, evidence on dietary patterns among adolescents and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health remains limited. This study aimed to identify major dietary patterns among Korean adolescents using data from the 2007–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to examine their associations with cardiometabolic health by sex. We analyzed 24-hour dietary recall data from 6,952 adolescents, including 3,693 boys and 3,259 girls. The percentage of energy intake from 26 food groups, excluding alcohol, was calculated. Three dietary patterns were identified through cluster analysis: (1) Bread, Meat & Dairy (31.2% of the total population); (2) Rice-based Diet (47.5%); and (3) Convenient Foods (21.3%). After multivariable adjustment, compared with the Bread, Meat & Dairy pattern, the Rice-based Diet was associated with increased risk of overall obesity in boys (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.92) and low HDL cholesterol in girls (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.01), whereas no significant associations were observed for the Convenient Foods pattern. The results highlight the potential need for sex-specific, school- and community-based interventions to address dietary behaviors and promote cardiometabolic health among adolescents.
Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w.
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BibTeX
@article{tak2026dietary,
title = {{Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health among Korean adolescents: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007–2022}},
author = {Eunyoung Tak and Seon-Jip Kim and Eugene Kang and Gaeun Moon and Su Hyun Hwang and Bomi Kim and Minji Kang},
journal = {BMC Public Health},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health among Korean adolescents: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007–2022
AU - Eunyoung Tak
AU - Seon-Jip Kim
AU - Eugene Kang
AU - Gaeun Moon
AU - Su Hyun Hwang
AU - Bomi Kim
AU - Minji Kang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/01
JO - BMC Public Health
DO - 10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w
AB - Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which diet profoundly influences lifelong health. However, evidence on dietary patterns among adolescents and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health remains limited. This study aimed to identify major dietary patterns among Korean adolescents using data from the 2007–2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and to examine their associations with cardiometabolic health by sex. We analyzed 24-hour dietary recall data from 6,952 adolescents, including 3,693 boys and 3,259 girls. The percentage of energy intake from 26 food groups, excluding alcohol, was calculated. Three dietary patterns were identified through cluster analysis: (1) Bread, Meat & Dairy (31.2% of the total population); (2) Rice-based Diet (47.5%); and (3) Convenient Foods (21.3%). After multivariable adjustment, compared with the Bread, Meat & Dairy pattern, the Rice-based Diet was associated with increased risk of overall obesity in boys (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05–1.92) and low HDL cholesterol in girls (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.23–2.01), whereas no significant associations were observed for the Convenient Foods pattern. The results highlight the potential need for sex-specific, school- and community-based interventions to address dietary behaviors and promote cardiometabolic health among adolescents. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28894-w.
SN - 1471-2458
ER -