Electrochemically Synthesized Fe–Mn Mesh Catalysts for Catalytic Ozonation Degradation of Phenol
- 1State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- 2University Engineering Research Center of Green Chemical New Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Abstract
Supported catalysts for liquid-phase catalytic ozonation often suffer from active-species detachment under ozone-bubble shear and continuous-flow operation, limiting long-term stability and causing persistent metal leaching. Herein, Mn-doped iron-mesh catalysts (x-FMM, x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) were synthesized via a modified cyclic chronopotentiometry method, and their catalytic performance and ozone-activation behavior in the ozonation of phenol were systematically investigated. XRD, SEM, and BET analyses revealed that Mn incorporation reduced the Fe2O3 crystallite size and produced a denser, more uniform granular morphology, thereby increasing the density of accessible surface hydroxyl active sites. Quasi in situ XPS, DMPO spin-trapping EPR, before/after-reaction ATR-FTIR, ozone-decomposition, and radical-quenching experiments jointly support a radical-mediated pathway in which hydroxyl/water-related surface species participate in ozone activation and HO· generation, while Fe–Mn electronic interaction is consistent with facilitated Fe2+ regeneration and sustained catalytic turnover. Under optimized electrodeposition conditions, 0.08FMM achieved 87.8% phenol removal and 60.5% TOC removal after 30 min at 25 °C. During a 20 h continuous-flow test, phenol removal decreased to ~82% within the initial 2 h and then remained near 79–80%, while Fe and Mn leaching decreased to ~4–5 and ~1–2 µg L−1, respectively, by 20 h. The electrochemical approach therefore provides a direct anchoring route for structured heterogeneous catalytic ozonation without high-temperature calcination, with moderate activity retention and low metal leaching under extended operation.
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BibTeX
@article{sun2026electrochemically,
title = {{Electrochemically Synthesized Fe–Mn Mesh Catalysts for Catalytic Ozonation Degradation of Phenol}},
author = {Fengyin Sun and Haoyuan Gu and Jing Wang and Jing Xu and Minghui Zhu},
journal = {Catalysts},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/catal16100926},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/926},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Electrochemically Synthesized Fe–Mn Mesh Catalysts for Catalytic Ozonation Degradation of Phenol
AU - Fengyin Sun
AU - Haoyuan Gu
AU - Jing Wang
AU - Jing Xu
AU - Minghui Zhu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - Catalysts
DO - 10.3390/catal16100926
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/16/10/926
AB - Supported catalysts for liquid-phase catalytic ozonation often suffer from active-species detachment under ozone-bubble shear and continuous-flow operation, limiting long-term stability and causing persistent metal leaching. Herein, Mn-doped iron-mesh catalysts (x-FMM, x = 0.04, 0.08, 0.12) were synthesized via a modified cyclic chronopotentiometry method, and their catalytic performance and ozone-activation behavior in the ozonation of phenol were systematically investigated. XRD, SEM, and BET analyses revealed that Mn incorporation reduced the Fe2O3 crystallite size and produced a denser, more uniform granular morphology, thereby increasing the density of accessible surface hydroxyl active sites. Quasi in situ XPS, DMPO spin-trapping EPR, before/after-reaction ATR-FTIR, ozone-decomposition, and radical-quenching experiments jointly support a radical-mediated pathway in which hydroxyl/water-related surface species participate in ozone activation and HO· generation, while Fe–Mn electronic interaction is consistent with facilitated Fe2+ regeneration and sustained catalytic turnover. Under optimized electrodeposition conditions, 0.08FMM achieved 87.8% phenol removal and 60.5% TOC removal after 30 min at 25 °C. During a 20 h continuous-flow test, phenol removal decreased to ~82% within the initial 2 h and then remained near 79–80%, while Fe and Mn leaching decreased to ~4–5 and ~1–2 µg L−1, respectively, by 20 h. The electrochemical approach therefore provides a direct anchoring route for structured heterogeneous catalytic ozonation without high-temperature calcination, with moderate activity retention and low metal leaching under extended operation.
SN - 2073-4344
ER -