Nearby Supernova Science in the Era of High Cadence, Deep Time Domain Surveys

@misc{sand2026nearby,
  title = {{Nearby Supernova Science in the Era of High Cadence, Deep Time Domain Surveys}},
  author = {David J. Sand and Bhagya Subrayan and Conor L. Ransome and Griffin Hosseinzadeh and K. Azalee Bostroem and Jennifer E. Andrews and Jeniveve Pearson and Yize Dong and Stefano Valenti and Saurabh W. Jha and Brian Hsu and Aravind P. Ravi and Manisha Shrestha and Charles D. Kilpatrick and Noah Franz and Mojgan Aghakhanloo and Igor Andreoni and Moira Andrews and Katie Auchettl and Federica B. Bianco and Régis Cartier and Siddharth Chaini and Diva Chaudhary and Analía V. Smith Castelli and Shar Daniels and Alexei V. Filippenko and Melissa L. Graham and Xander J. Hall and Daichi Hiramatsu and D. Andrew Howell and Lindsey A. Kwok and Amanda R. Lopes and Thomas Matheson and Curtis McCully and Maryam Modjaz and Phillip Noel and Gregory S. H. Paek and Antonella Palmese and Anthony L. Piro and Monika Soraisam and Sergiy Vasylyev and József Vinkó and J. Craig Wheeler and Samuel D. Wyatt},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.38304},
  eprint = {2609.38304},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38304},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Nearby Supernova Science in the Era of High Cadence, Deep Time Domain Surveys
AU  - David J. Sand
AU  - Bhagya Subrayan
AU  - Conor L. Ransome
AU  - Griffin Hosseinzadeh
AU  - K. Azalee Bostroem
AU  - Jennifer E. Andrews
AU  - Jeniveve Pearson
AU  - Yize Dong
AU  - Stefano Valenti
AU  - Saurabh W. Jha
AU  - Brian Hsu
AU  - Aravind P. Ravi
AU  - Manisha Shrestha
AU  - Charles D. Kilpatrick
AU  - Noah Franz
AU  - Mojgan Aghakhanloo
AU  - Igor Andreoni
AU  - Moira Andrews
AU  - Katie Auchettl
AU  - Federica B. Bianco
AU  - Régis Cartier
AU  - Siddharth Chaini
AU  - Diva Chaudhary
AU  - Analía V. Smith Castelli
AU  - Shar Daniels
AU  - Alexei V. Filippenko
AU  - Melissa L. Graham
AU  - Xander J. Hall
AU  - Daichi Hiramatsu
AU  - D. Andrew Howell
AU  - Lindsey A. Kwok
AU  - Amanda R. Lopes
AU  - Thomas Matheson
AU  - Curtis McCully
AU  - Maryam Modjaz
AU  - Phillip Noel
AU  - Gregory S. H. Paek
AU  - Antonella Palmese
AU  - Anthony L. Piro
AU  - Monika Soraisam
AU  - Sergiy Vasylyev
AU  - József Vinkó
AU  - J. Craig Wheeler
AU  - Samuel D. Wyatt
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.38304
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38304
AB  - We discuss science opportunities for nearby supernovae (SNe) in the era of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), emphasizing the youngest phases of SN evolution and the value of contemporaneous high-cadence shadowing surveys. LSST's Wide Fast Deep survey will discover enormous numbers of SNe, but its ∼ 3 day cadence will miss signatures that evolve on timescales of hours to days, requiring cadence augmentation by other programs. We present simple depth and cadence metrics for early SN signatures and use empirical nearby SN discovery rates to estimate the resulting science opportunities. LSST will detect or set limits on precursor emission from hundreds of core-collapse SNe, including ≳ 50-100 Type IIn and normal Type II SNe annually, as well as ≳5 Type Ibn. Within ∼ 200 Mpc, roughly 250 Type Ia SNe are classified annually, providing the potential to identify hundreds of early light-curve excesses, and a robust measurement of the incidence of extreme high-velocity features (>25,000 km s^−1). A shadowing survey with a depth of ∼ 22.5 mag could search for early light-curve features, akin to the light-curve excess seen in SN2023ixf, across dozens of nearby core-collapse SNe every year. Rapid spectroscopy of ≳150 Type II SNe per year within ∼160 Mpc could constrain the incidence of short-lived flash features to ≲10% within a few years, while also tying this to the rate of precursor emission in normal Type II SNe. We also discuss the challenges posed by early classification ambiguity and faint nonterminal transients, and we request that the 80 hour embargo on LSST images be waived for nearby galaxy fields. Finally, we advocate for a Nearby Galaxy Transient Broker that integrates transient streams, archival data, forced photometry, and follow-up triggering in a single platform.
ER  -