Recent Advances in Multimodal Diagnosis and Precision Management of Myocarditis
- 1Department of Coronary Care Unit, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730013 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- 2Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, 730000 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- 3Heart Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730013 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium caused by infectious, autoimmune, or toxic triggers; meanwhile, myocarditis remains a persistent clinical challenge due to the heterogeneous nature and often nonspecific presentation of myocarditis. Recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), particularly quantitative tissue characterization techniques, together with improvements in molecular diagnostic methods, have substantially strengthened the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis. Concurrently, management strategies are increasingly shifting toward etiology-directed approaches, including targeted immunomodulatory therapies combined with optimized supportive care, thereby contributing to improved clinical outcomes. This review summarizes key developments in myocarditis over the past five years, with a focus on progress in multimodal diagnostic evaluation and precision management. We first outline current perspectives on etiology and clinical phenotypes, then examine the complementary roles of quantitative CMR imaging and endomyocardial biopsy in diagnostic decision-making. Recent advances in the management of major clinical subtypes, including viral myocarditis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis, giant cell myocarditis, and pediatric myocarditis, are then discussed. Indeed, by integrating emerging clinical evidence, we highlight the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic framework, identify remaining challenges, and propose future directions to improve risk stratification and individualized patient care.
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BibTeX
@article{cai2026recent,
title = {{Recent Advances in Multimodal Diagnosis and Precision Management of Myocarditis}},
author = {Weiting Cai and Jing Zhao and Andong Lu and Zheng Zhang},
journal = {Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.31083/rcm51061},
url = {https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm51061},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Recent Advances in Multimodal Diagnosis and Precision Management of Myocarditis
AU - Weiting Cai
AU - Jing Zhao
AU - Andong Lu
AU - Zheng Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
JO - Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
DO - 10.31083/rcm51061
UR - https://doi.org/10.31083/rcm51061
AB - Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium caused by infectious, autoimmune, or toxic triggers; meanwhile, myocarditis remains a persistent clinical challenge due to the heterogeneous nature and often nonspecific presentation of myocarditis. Recent advances in cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), particularly quantitative tissue characterization techniques, together with improvements in molecular diagnostic methods, have substantially strengthened the accuracy of noninvasive diagnosis. Concurrently, management strategies are increasingly shifting toward etiology-directed approaches, including targeted immunomodulatory therapies combined with optimized supportive care, thereby contributing to improved clinical outcomes. This review summarizes key developments in myocarditis over the past five years, with a focus on progress in multimodal diagnostic evaluation and precision management. We first outline current perspectives on etiology and clinical phenotypes, then examine the complementary roles of quantitative CMR imaging and endomyocardial biopsy in diagnostic decision-making. Recent advances in the management of major clinical subtypes, including viral myocarditis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis, giant cell myocarditis, and pediatric myocarditis, are then discussed. Indeed, by integrating emerging clinical evidence, we highlight the evolving diagnostic and therapeutic framework, identify remaining challenges, and propose future directions to improve risk stratification and individualized patient care.
SN - 1530-6550
SN - 2153-8174
ER -