Computer-assisted proofs of periodic solutions of state-dependent delay equations beyond perturbative regimes
Abstract
Rigorous existence results for periodic solutions of state-dependent delay differential equations (SDDEs) are scarce outside perturbative regimes, where the equation is close to an ordinary or constant-delay differential equation. We develop a computer-assisted framework that proves the existence of periodic solutions of SDDEs directly. The numerical approximation is a trigonometric polynomial, and a true periodic solution nearby is obtained by a Newton--Kantorovich argument in the space of C1 periodic functions. The main difficulty lies in the terms in which the solution is evaluated at a time that itself depends on the solution. We obtain rigorous enclosures of their Fourier coefficients by adapting validated discrete Fourier transform techniques for analytic nonlinearities. We apply the framework to three representative examples of increasing complexity: a periodically forced toy model, an autonomous scalar equation with two state-dependent delays, and a threshold-type delay model from operon dynamics in gene regulation. To our knowledge, these are the first computer-assisted proofs of existence of periodic solutions of SDDEs outside perturbative regimes. This opens the way to computer-assisted proofs for SDDEs more broadly. All computer-assisted proofs, including the requisite codes and the approximate objects, are accessible on GitHub at \cite{code_proof}.
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BibTeX
@misc{berg2026computerassisted,
title = {{Computer-assisted proofs of periodic solutions of state-dependent delay equations beyond perturbative regimes}},
author = {Jan Bouwe van den Berg and Maxime Breden and Matthieu Cadiot and Kevin E. M. Church and Jean-Philippe Lessard},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.36216},
eprint = {2610.36216},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36216},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Computer-assisted proofs of periodic solutions of state-dependent delay equations beyond perturbative regimes
AU - Jan Bouwe van den Berg
AU - Maxime Breden
AU - Matthieu Cadiot
AU - Kevin E. M. Church
AU - Jean-Philippe Lessard
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.36216
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.36216
AB - Rigorous existence results for periodic solutions of state-dependent delay differential equations (SDDEs) are scarce outside perturbative regimes, where the equation is close to an ordinary or constant-delay differential equation. We develop a computer-assisted framework that proves the existence of periodic solutions of SDDEs directly. The numerical approximation is a trigonometric polynomial, and a true periodic solution nearby is obtained by a Newton--Kantorovich argument in the space of C^1 periodic functions. The main difficulty lies in the terms in which the solution is evaluated at a time that itself depends on the solution. We obtain rigorous enclosures of their Fourier coefficients by adapting validated discrete Fourier transform techniques for analytic nonlinearities. We apply the framework to three representative examples of increasing complexity: a periodically forced toy model, an autonomous scalar equation with two state-dependent delays, and a threshold-type delay model from operon dynamics in gene regulation. To our knowledge, these are the first computer-assisted proofs of existence of periodic solutions of SDDEs outside perturbative regimes. This opens the way to computer-assisted proofs for SDDEs more broadly. All computer-assisted proofs, including the requisite codes and the approximate objects, are accessible on GitHub at \cite{code_proof}.
ER -