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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Inorganics

Microstructure and Mechanical Response of Commercially Pure Titanium VT1-0 After Short-Term Hot Deformation

  • Axaule Mamaeva1,2
  • Talshyn Yetish1,2
  • Alexander Panichkin2
  • Aidar Kenzhegulov2
  • Balzhan Kshibekova2
  • Bagila A. Baitimbetova1
  1. 1Department of Materials Science, Nanotechnology and Engineering Physics, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
  2. 2Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

Short-term (1–2 s) hot bulk plastic deformation of commercially pure titanium VT1-0 was studied at 25, 500, 600 and 700 °C without post-deformation annealing. Optical metallography, XRD line-profile analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing were used to characterize the as-deformed structural state. The α-Ti single-phase structure was retained across the entire temperature range. Both microhardness and grain size evolved non-monotonically: hardness ranged from 161.7 ± 11.2 HV at 600 °C to 184.5 ± 10.8 HV at 700 °C, while grain size varied between 21.5 and 24.9 μm against 36.5 μm in the initial material. Such non-monotonic hardness evolution with deformation temperature is consistent with the interplay between deformation strengthening and thermally activated softening reported for CP-Ti processed under other conditions. The fitted FWHM of the α-Ti (101) reflection ranged from 0.463° to 0.738° in the deformed specimens, compared with 0.24° in the as-received reference. Size-related and strain-related broadening were not separated, precluding a unique interpretation of these differences in terms of coherent-domain size or defect structure. Hardness evolution cannot be attributed to grain refinement alone. Thermally activated restoration processes may contribute to the observed differences; however, the present measurements do not establish the underlying mechanisms. Among the investigated specimens, the specimen processed at 700 °C exhibited the highest mean microhardness. This observation does not establish an optimal processing temperature or an optimum across other material properties.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mamaeva2026microstructure,
  title = {{Microstructure and Mechanical Response of Commercially Pure Titanium VT1-0 After Short-Term Hot Deformation}},
  author = {Axaule Mamaeva and Talshyn Yetish and Alexander Panichkin and Aidar Kenzhegulov and Balzhan Kshibekova and Bagila A. Baitimbetova},
  journal = {Inorganics},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.3390/inorganics14100255},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/14/10/255},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Microstructure and Mechanical Response of Commercially Pure Titanium VT1-0 After Short-Term Hot Deformation
AU  - Axaule Mamaeva
AU  - Talshyn Yetish
AU  - Alexander Panichkin
AU  - Aidar Kenzhegulov
AU  - Balzhan Kshibekova
AU  - Bagila A. Baitimbetova
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Inorganics
DO  - 10.3390/inorganics14100255
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/14/10/255
AB  - Short-term (1–2 s) hot bulk plastic deformation of commercially pure titanium VT1-0 was studied at 25, 500, 600 and 700 °C without post-deformation annealing. Optical metallography, XRD line-profile analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing were used to characterize the as-deformed structural state. The α-Ti single-phase structure was retained across the entire temperature range. Both microhardness and grain size evolved non-monotonically: hardness ranged from 161.7 ± 11.2 HV at 600 °C to 184.5 ± 10.8 HV at 700 °C, while grain size varied between 21.5 and 24.9 μm against 36.5 μm in the initial material. Such non-monotonic hardness evolution with deformation temperature is consistent with the interplay between deformation strengthening and thermally activated softening reported for CP-Ti processed under other conditions. The fitted FWHM of the α-Ti (101) reflection ranged from 0.463° to 0.738° in the deformed specimens, compared with 0.24° in the as-received reference. Size-related and strain-related broadening were not separated, precluding a unique interpretation of these differences in terms of coherent-domain size or defect structure. Hardness evolution cannot be attributed to grain refinement alone. Thermally activated restoration processes may contribute to the observed differences; however, the present measurements do not establish the underlying mechanisms. Among the investigated specimens, the specimen processed at 700 °C exhibited the highest mean microhardness. This observation does not establish an optimal processing temperature or an optimum across other material properties.
SN  - 2304-6740
ER  -