Association of Serum Phosphate Levels with Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Hospital-based Prospective Observational Study
- 1Junior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- 2Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
- 3Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients at risk of severe disease is essential for timely intervention. This prospective observational study evaluated the prognostic significance of serum phosphate levels in hospitalised CAP patients. Aim: To evaluate the association between serum phosphate levels, CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and Age 65 or older) score, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in hospitalised patients with CAP. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted between May 2022 and October 2022 at Government Royapettah Hospital and Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. A total of 79 patients diagnosed with CAP were enrolled. Serum phosphate levels were measured at admission and on day 3 of hospitalisation. Disease severity was assessed using the CURB-65 score, and early ICU admission was defined as transfer within 48 hours. Data were analysed using Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kendall’s Tau correlation, with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Serum phosphate levels demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with CURB-65 scores at admission (τ=-0.273, p-value=0.001) and on day 3 (τ=-0.456, p-value <0.0001). Lower serum phosphate levels were significantly associated with higher CURB-65 scores, increased ICU admission rates, and poorer clinical outcomes (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that serum phosphate, an inexpensive and routinely available laboratory parameter, is associated with disease severity in patients with CAP and may serve for identifying high-risk patients and guiding clinical management in CAP.
Related
- High Mortality in Adults With Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to Hospitals in South Africa Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Stratified by HIV Serostatus and Viral Load: Data From a Prospective Cohort Study (2019–2021)
- Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in severely immunosuppressed patients: a comprehensive analysis from the multinational, prospective CAPNETZ Cohort
- Antiseizure medication-induced changes in serum ephrin-B2 and their association with treatment response in adults with generalised seizure disorders in Northern India: protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
- Association between neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in stroke survivors stratified by triglyceride-glucose index : A prospective observational study based on the NHANES database from 1999 to 2018
- Comment on Öztürk et al. Association Between Fresh Gas Flow Rate and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Observational Study. J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15, 7626
BibTeX
@article{vaghani2026association,
title = {{Association of Serum Phosphate Levels with Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Hospital-based Prospective Observational Study}},
author = {Krunal Jayeshbhai Vaghani and Sonipriya Pazhani and Viknesh Prabu Anbalagan},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.7860/jcdr/2026/89131.24681},
url = {https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2026/89131.24681},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association of Serum Phosphate Levels with Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: A Hospital-based Prospective Observational Study
AU - Krunal Jayeshbhai Vaghani
AU - Sonipriya Pazhani
AU - Viknesh Prabu Anbalagan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
DO - 10.7860/jcdr/2026/89131.24681
UR - https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2026/89131.24681
AB - Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients at risk of severe disease is essential for timely intervention. This prospective observational study evaluated the prognostic significance of serum phosphate levels in hospitalised CAP patients. Aim: To evaluate the association between serum phosphate levels, CURB-65 (Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, and Age 65 or older) score, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, and mortality in hospitalised patients with CAP. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted between May 2022 and October 2022 at Government Royapettah Hospital and Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. A total of 79 patients diagnosed with CAP were enrolled. Serum phosphate levels were measured at admission and on day 3 of hospitalisation. Disease severity was assessed using the CURB-65 score, and early ICU admission was defined as transfer within 48 hours. Data were analysed using Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kendall’s Tau correlation, with p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Serum phosphate levels demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with CURB-65 scores at admission (τ=-0.273, p-value=0.001) and on day 3 (τ=-0.456, p-value <0.0001). Lower serum phosphate levels were significantly associated with higher CURB-65 scores, increased ICU admission rates, and poorer clinical outcomes (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that serum phosphate, an inexpensive and routinely available laboratory parameter, is associated with disease severity in patients with CAP and may serve for identifying high-risk patients and guiding clinical management in CAP.
SN - 2249-782X
SN - 0973-709X
ER -