Gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion with mixing between two-quark and four-quark states
Abstract
We investigate the gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion within an extended linear sigma model (eLSM) that incorporates both two-quark and four-quark states, as well as nucleon fields. Within the scalar-meson-dominance picture, we find that meson mixing between two-quark and four-quark states suppresses the nucleon D-form factor and leads to agreement with the lattice-QCD results. Interestingly, a quantitatively similar suppression was previously found in the parity doublet model (PDM) as a consequence of a nonzero chiral invariant component of the nucleon mass. This suggests that the effects of meson mixing and the chiral invariant mass are difficult to distinguish from the nucleon D-form factor alone. We therefore examine the pion D-form factor in the chiral limit. While its value in the forward limit remains fixed at −1 in both the eLSM and the PDM, meson mixing modifies its momentum-transfer dependence. In contrast, the chiral invariant mass does not directly affect the pion D-form factor. These results suggest that a combined analysis of the nucleon and pion D-form factors can provide further insight into the mass decomposition of the nucleon and the quark composition of mesons.
Related
- Generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the chiral quark soliton model: Sum over all quark states at nonzero skewness and momentum transfer
- Determination of the η-η′ Mixing Angle from Transition Form Factors within the Self-consistent Light-front Quark Model
- Gravitational form factors of the baryon octet and flavor dependence in an NJL quark--diquark model
- Gravitational form factors of heavy quarkonia and their nonrelativistic expansion in a self-consistent light-front quark model
- Chiral anomaly and nucleon spin decomposition in the chiral quark soliton model
BibTeX
@misc{kawaguchi2026gravitational,
title = {{Gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion with mixing between two-quark and four-quark states}},
author = {Mamiya Kawaguchi and Yao Ma and Yong-Liang Ma},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.01396},
eprint = {2610.01396},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01396},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion with mixing between two-quark and four-quark states
AU - Mamiya Kawaguchi
AU - Yao Ma
AU - Yong-Liang Ma
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.01396
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01396
AB - We investigate the gravitational D-form factors of the nucleon and pion within an extended linear sigma model (eLSM) that incorporates both two-quark and four-quark states, as well as nucleon fields. Within the scalar-meson-dominance picture, we find that meson mixing between two-quark and four-quark states suppresses the nucleon D-form factor and leads to agreement with the lattice-QCD results. Interestingly, a quantitatively similar suppression was previously found in the parity doublet model (PDM) as a consequence of a nonzero chiral invariant component of the nucleon mass. This suggests that the effects of meson mixing and the chiral invariant mass are difficult to distinguish from the nucleon D-form factor alone. We therefore examine the pion D-form factor in the chiral limit. While its value in the forward limit remains fixed at −1 in both the eLSM and the PDM, meson mixing modifies its momentum-transfer dependence. In contrast, the chiral invariant mass does not directly affect the pion D-form factor. These results suggest that a combined analysis of the nucleon and pion D-form factors can provide further insight into the mass decomposition of the nucleon and the quark composition of mesons.
ER -