MRI Anatomy of Pseudopus apodus: A Descriptive Study with High-Field and Low-Field MRI.
9 affiliations
- 1Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2ICTS Bioimagen Complutense, Complutense University, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University, Avenida José Antonio Nováis 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 4Department Section of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary, Complutense University, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 5Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Scientific Park of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940 Bilbao, Spain.
- 6Veterios Hospital Veterinario, Arrastaria 23, 28022 Madrid, Spain.
- 7Dolorvet Veterinary Anesthesia & Analgesia, 28009 Madrid, Spain.
- 8Medivet 24 Horas Los Sauces, Chamberi. Calle de Sta Engracia, 63, Chamberí, 28010 Madrid, Spain.
- 9DB Diagnóstico por Imagen Veterinario (DIAGERVET S.L.), C/Tordesillas 4, Alcorcón, 28925 Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
Pseudopus apodus is an anguimorph lizard belonging to the order Squamata. Anatomical information on this species remains limited, particularly regarding soft tissues, and has primarily focused on the axial skeleton of both living and fossil specimens. Recently, the anatomy of its coelomic cavity has been described using dissection and multi-detector computed tomography (CT), and its brain has been characterized neuroanatomically by combining ultra-high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological analysis using immunofluorescence. In the present study, four specimens (one female and three males) were examined. One male and the female were scanned using a low-field MRI system (0.23 T), whereas all three males were scanned using a high-field MRI system (1.5 T). Both MRI systems enabled the identification of a wide range of hard and soft anatomical structures. Only a few small structures could not be consistently identified with the low-field system, including the thyroid gland, spleen, pancreas, testes, and hemipenes. Despite the lower field strength, small ovarian follicles and the optic nerves were clearly visualized with the low-field MRI system. This study provides the first whole-body MRI anatomical reference for Pseudopus apodus, complements previous CT-based anatomical studies, and offers practical information for the interpretation of MRI examinations in reptiles.
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BibTeX
@article{garciareal2026anatomy,
title = {{MRI Anatomy of Pseudopus apodus: A Descriptive Study with High-Field and Low-Field MRI.}},
author = {María Isabel García-Real and Encarnación Fernández-Valle and David Castejón-Ferrer and Nerea Moreno and Pilar Pérez-Lloret and Sara Jiménez and Raquel Salgüero-Fernández and Miguel Angel Cabezas and María Ardiaca-García and María José Ruiz-Fernández and Juncal González-Soriano},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/ani16193007},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882976},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - MRI Anatomy of Pseudopus apodus: A Descriptive Study with High-Field and Low-Field MRI.
AU - María Isabel García-Real
AU - Encarnación Fernández-Valle
AU - David Castejón-Ferrer
AU - Nerea Moreno
AU - Pilar Pérez-Lloret
AU - Sara Jiménez
AU - Raquel Salgüero-Fernández
AU - Miguel Angel Cabezas
AU - María Ardiaca-García
AU - María José Ruiz-Fernández
AU - Juncal González-Soriano
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/24
JO - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
DO - 10.3390/ani16193007
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42882976
AB - Pseudopus apodus is an anguimorph lizard belonging to the order Squamata. Anatomical information on this species remains limited, particularly regarding soft tissues, and has primarily focused on the axial skeleton of both living and fossil specimens. Recently, the anatomy of its coelomic cavity has been described using dissection and multi-detector computed tomography (CT), and its brain has been characterized neuroanatomically by combining ultra-high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histological analysis using immunofluorescence. In the present study, four specimens (one female and three males) were examined. One male and the female were scanned using a low-field MRI system (0.23 T), whereas all three males were scanned using a high-field MRI system (1.5 T). Both MRI systems enabled the identification of a wide range of hard and soft anatomical structures. Only a few small structures could not be consistently identified with the low-field system, including the thyroid gland, spleen, pancreas, testes, and hemipenes. Despite the lower field strength, small ovarian follicles and the optic nerves were clearly visualized with the low-field MRI system. This study provides the first whole-body MRI anatomical reference for Pseudopus apodus, complements previous CT-based anatomical studies, and offers practical information for the interpretation of MRI examinations in reptiles.
SN - 2076-2615
ER -