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Peer-reviewedCC BYNanotechnology Reviews

Room-temperature PANI/SnS2 chemiresistive sensor for real-time ammonia volatilization monitoring

  • Jia Zhemin1
  • Wang Yuru1
  • Wang Chen1
  • Hui David2
  • Petkova-Slipets Rositsa3
  • Wang Zhenyu4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
  2. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, LSU New Orleans, New Orleans, LA70148, USA
  3. 3Department of Civil Engineering, Varna Free University “Chernorizets Hrabar”, Varna9007, Bulgaria
  4. 4Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi214122, China
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Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of reactive nitrogen loss, making accurate and real-time NH3 monitoring essential for improving nitrogen-use efficiency and mitigating environmental impacts. Herein, a room-temperature chemiresistive NH3 sensor based on a PANI/SnS2 p–n heterojunction composite is developed for real-time ammonia monitoring. The composite was synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and deposited onto flexible Au interdigital electrodes. Structural characterization confirms the successful integration of PANI and SnS2 and the formation of closely contacted heterojunction interfaces. The optimized composite exhibits a response of 959.7 % toward 100 ppm NH3 and a sensitivity of 9.85 % ppm−1 at room temperature. In addition, the sensor demonstrated stable sensing performance over a 10-day laboratory test, and excellent selectivity, with negligible responses to common interfering gases. The enhanced sensing performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of the PANI/SnS2 heterojunction and the NH3-induced deprotonation of PANI. Soil volatilization and paddy-field experiments further demonstrated the potential of the sensor for real-time NH3 monitoring under practical conditions.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhemin2026roomtemperature,
  title = {{Room-temperature PANI/SnS2 chemiresistive sensor for real-time ammonia volatilization monitoring}},
  author = {Jia Zhemin and Wang Yuru and Wang Chen and Hui David and Petkova-Slipets Rositsa and Wang Zhenyu},
  journal = {Nanotechnology Reviews},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1515/ntrev-2025-0395},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0395},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Room-temperature PANI/SnS2 chemiresistive sensor for real-time ammonia volatilization monitoring
AU  - Jia Zhemin
AU  - Wang Yuru
AU  - Wang Chen
AU  - Hui David
AU  - Petkova-Slipets Rositsa
AU  - Wang Zhenyu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Nanotechnology Reviews
DO  - 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0395
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2025-0395
AB  - Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major pathway of reactive nitrogen loss, making accurate and real-time NH3 monitoring essential for improving nitrogen-use efficiency and mitigating environmental impacts. Herein, a room-temperature chemiresistive NH3 sensor based on a PANI/SnS2 p–n heterojunction composite is developed for real-time ammonia monitoring. The composite was synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization and deposited onto flexible Au interdigital electrodes. Structural characterization confirms the successful integration of PANI and SnS2 and the formation of closely contacted heterojunction interfaces. The optimized composite exhibits a response of 959.7 % toward 100 ppm NH3 and a sensitivity of 9.85 % ppm−1 at room temperature. In addition, the sensor demonstrated stable sensing performance over a 10-day laboratory test, and excellent selectivity, with negligible responses to common interfering gases. The enhanced sensing performance was attributed to the synergistic effects of the PANI/SnS2 heterojunction and the NH3-induced deprotonation of PANI. Soil volatilization and paddy-field experiments further demonstrated the potential of the sensor for real-time NH3 monitoring under practical conditions.
SN  - 2191-9097
SN  - 2191-9089
ER  -