Vitiligo onset following anti-inflammatory biological therapy: a scoping review
- 1Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico
- 2Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena
- 3Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano
Abstract
Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmentation skin disorder characterized by the acquired loss of melanocytes, with a complex multifactorial pathophysiology. Among the potential predisposing factors, some drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, have been associated to disease onset.
Methods: The aim of the present review is to summarize and discuss current literature findings in de novo vitiligo following biological targeting inflammatory cytokines.
Results: Overall, 18 articles were considered eligible for the present review, and details of demographics, clinical characteristics, vitiligo type and localization, biological drug administered and treatment outcomes were reported.The mean age of the 39 patients was 43 years (±16.3), with a male predominance (62%). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol) were the most frequent suspected drugs (>50% of patients), followed by anti-IL-17A (ixekizumab, secukinumab) and anti-IL-12/23 (ustekinumab). Four cases were linked to anti-IL-4/13 (dupilumab). The median onset of vitiligo was 5 months post-initiation (range 1.5–24), with one-third of cases involving the face and neck, and two cases of segmental vitiligo. Biologic discontinuation or switching occurred in 26% of cases. Regarding outcomes, 41% experienced stabilization, 36% achieved varying degrees of repigmentation, and 8% progressed.
Discussion: While de novo vitiligo is reported as a potential adverse event of biological therapies, evidence for a direct causal relationship remains weak, with cases involving non-anti-TNFα agents appearing anecdotal. The co-occurrence of underlying autoimmune comorbidities in these patients points towards a coincidental rather than a causal relationship, highlighting the need for further research to fully elucidate this association.
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BibTeX
@article{romagnuolo2026vitiligo,
title = {{Vitiligo onset following anti-inflammatory biological therapy: a scoping review}},
author = {Maurizio Romagnuolo and Chiara Moltrasio and Luisa Carlotta Rossi and Gianluca Tavoletti and Angelo Valerio Marzano and Silvia Alberti Violetti},
journal = {Frontiers in Immunology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2026.1879414},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1879414/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Vitiligo onset following anti-inflammatory biological therapy: a scoping review
AU - Maurizio Romagnuolo
AU - Chiara Moltrasio
AU - Luisa Carlotta Rossi
AU - Gianluca Tavoletti
AU - Angelo Valerio Marzano
AU - Silvia Alberti Violetti
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/06
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1879414
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1879414/full
AB - Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune depigmentation skin disorder characterized by the acquired loss of melanocytes, with a complex multifactorial pathophysiology. Among the potential predisposing factors, some drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, have been associated to disease onset. Methods: The aim of the present review is to summarize and discuss current literature findings in de novo vitiligo following biological targeting inflammatory cytokines. Results: Overall, 18 articles were considered eligible for the present review, and details of demographics, clinical characteristics, vitiligo type and localization, biological drug administered and treatment outcomes were reported.The mean age of the 39 patients was 43 years (±16.3), with a male predominance (62%). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol) were the most frequent suspected drugs (>50% of patients), followed by anti-IL-17A (ixekizumab, secukinumab) and anti-IL-12/23 (ustekinumab). Four cases were linked to anti-IL-4/13 (dupilumab). The median onset of vitiligo was 5 months post-initiation (range 1.5–24), with one-third of cases involving the face and neck, and two cases of segmental vitiligo. Biologic discontinuation or switching occurred in 26% of cases. Regarding outcomes, 41% experienced stabilization, 36% achieved varying degrees of repigmentation, and 8% progressed. Discussion: While de novo vitiligo is reported as a potential adverse event of biological therapies, evidence for a direct causal relationship remains weak, with cases involving non-anti-TNFα agents appearing anecdotal. The co-occurrence of underlying autoimmune comorbidities in these patients points towards a coincidental rather than a causal relationship, highlighting the need for further research to fully elucidate this association.
SN - 1664-3224
ER -