Spectral shaping of Gaussian white noise for synthetic axion signal generation in microwave cavity haloscopes
Abstract
Microwave cavity haloscopes search for dark-matter axions through the weak electromagnetic field generated by axion-photon conversion in a static magnetic field. Realistic synthetic signals are essential for end-to-end calibration of the receiver, validation of the analysis pipeline, measurement of signal recovery efficiency, and blind-injection studies. Here, we present a general method for producing stochastic synthetic axion waveforms by shaping Gaussian white noise in the frequency domain. The target axion power spectral density is imposed directly on the Fourier coefficients, and arbitrarily long continuous time streams are generated efficiently using an overlap-save implementation. The method reproduces both the ensemble-averaged spectral line shape and the time-domain fluctuations expected for a classical axion field, while providing direct control of the total injected power. Because the spectral model enters only through a replaceable transfer function, the routine can accommodate the Standard Halo Model as well as nonstandard velocity distributions and narrow substructure.
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BibTeX
@misc{vattolo2026spectral,
title = {{Spectral shaping of Gaussian white noise for synthetic axion signal generation in microwave cavity haloscopes}},
author = {D. Vattolo and D. Ahn and G. Carugno and R. Di Vora and D. Maiello and A. Ortolan and G. Ruoso and G. Sardo Infirri and C. Braggio},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.28538},
eprint = {2609.28538},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28538},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Spectral shaping of Gaussian white noise for synthetic axion signal generation in microwave cavity haloscopes
AU - D. Vattolo
AU - D. Ahn
AU - G. Carugno
AU - R. Di Vora
AU - D. Maiello
AU - A. Ortolan
AU - G. Ruoso
AU - G. Sardo Infirri
AU - C. Braggio
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.28538
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28538
AB - Microwave cavity haloscopes search for dark-matter axions through the weak electromagnetic field generated by axion-photon conversion in a static magnetic field. Realistic synthetic signals are essential for end-to-end calibration of the receiver, validation of the analysis pipeline, measurement of signal recovery efficiency, and blind-injection studies. Here, we present a general method for producing stochastic synthetic axion waveforms by shaping Gaussian white noise in the frequency domain. The target axion power spectral density is imposed directly on the Fourier coefficients, and arbitrarily long continuous time streams are generated efficiently using an overlap-save implementation. The method reproduces both the ensemble-averaged spectral line shape and the time-domain fluctuations expected for a classical axion field, while providing direct control of the total injected power. Because the spectral model enters only through a replaceable transfer function, the routine can accommodate the Standard Halo Model as well as nonstandard velocity distributions and narrow substructure.
ER -