Eco-friendly synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae) flowers extract: a multifaceted study of their antimicrobial and hemocompatible potential
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- 2Department of Zoology, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
- 3Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan
- 4Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan
- 5Department of Natural Resources Management, Ambo University, P.O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia. [email protected]
Abstract
This is the first report on the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag 2 ONPs) using Nepeta cataria flower extract as a novel bioreducing and capping agent in an aqueous medium. This study aimed to describe these distinctive nanoparticles and explore their versatile biomedical applications through in silico molecular docking. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, Zeta Potential and DLS were used to characterize the synthesized Ag 2 ONPs. Their biological effects were measured based on antibacterial, antifungal, hemolytic, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic activities. Characterization confirmed the crystallization and formation of stable, crystalline, quasi-spherical Ag 2 ONPs, with an average crystallite size of 20.7 nm (XRD) and a particle size of 39 ± 2.4 nm (SEM). The zeta potential − 39 mV indicated excellent colloidal stability. The Ag 2 ONPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity (maximum inhibition zone of 30 mm against Bacillus subtilis ) and potent antifungal activity (up to 83 mm) against Trichophyton rubrum . These nanoparticles were highly hemocompatible and exhibited strong anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties. To provide deeper insight into their antimicrobial action, this study uniquely integrated in silico molecular docking to explore interactions between the nanoparticles and key microbial protein targets. In summary, N. cataria L. flowers represent a promising new source of biocompatible Ag 2 ONPs with potent antimicrobial and hemo-modulatory properties, making them potential candidates for future therapeutic applications.
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BibTeX
@article{hassoubah2026ecofriendly,
title = {{Eco-friendly synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae) flowers extract: a multifaceted study of their antimicrobial and hemocompatible potential}},
author = {Shahira A. Hassoubah and Shaza Y.A. Qattan and Zeina Walid Sharawi and Alawiah Mohammad Alhebshi and Azhar Abdullah Najjar and Hansa Gul and Muhammad Nauman Khan and Nouman Ahmad and Tewekel Melese Gemechu},
journal = {Scientific Reports},
year = {2026},
month = may,
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-53571-8},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-53571-8},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Eco-friendly synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles using Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae) flowers extract: a multifaceted study of their antimicrobial and hemocompatible potential
AU - Shahira A. Hassoubah
AU - Shaza Y.A. Qattan
AU - Zeina Walid Sharawi
AU - Alawiah Mohammad Alhebshi
AU - Azhar Abdullah Najjar
AU - Hansa Gul
AU - Muhammad Nauman Khan
AU - Nouman Ahmad
AU - Tewekel Melese Gemechu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/21
JO - Scientific Reports
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-53571-8
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-53571-8
AB - This is the first report on the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag 2 ONPs) using Nepeta cataria flower extract as a novel bioreducing and capping agent in an aqueous medium. This study aimed to describe these distinctive nanoparticles and explore their versatile biomedical applications through in silico molecular docking. UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, Zeta Potential and DLS were used to characterize the synthesized Ag 2 ONPs. Their biological effects were measured based on antibacterial, antifungal, hemolytic, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic activities. Characterization confirmed the crystallization and formation of stable, crystalline, quasi-spherical Ag 2 ONPs, with an average crystallite size of 20.7 nm (XRD) and a particle size of 39 ± 2.4 nm (SEM). The zeta potential − 39 mV indicated excellent colloidal stability. The Ag 2 ONPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity (maximum inhibition zone of 30 mm against Bacillus subtilis ) and potent antifungal activity (up to 83 mm) against Trichophyton rubrum . These nanoparticles were highly hemocompatible and exhibited strong anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties. To provide deeper insight into their antimicrobial action, this study uniquely integrated in silico molecular docking to explore interactions between the nanoparticles and key microbial protein targets. In summary, N. cataria L. flowers represent a promising new source of biocompatible Ag 2 ONPs with potent antimicrobial and hemo-modulatory properties, making them potential candidates for future therapeutic applications.
SN - 2045-2322
ER -