Cancer Immunotherapy and Immune-Related Adverse Events: Focusing on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
Abstract
The development of immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of cancer treatment. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate therapeutic efficacy and improve patient survival across multiple cancer types. Currently, however, only a subset of cancer patients can achieve objective therapeutic responses and gain survival benefits from immunotherapy. Treatment-associated side effects, namely immune-related adverse events (irAEs), may cause autoimmune and inflammatory complications in various organ systems and hinder the use of immunotherapy in cancer patients. Herein, the development of cancer immunotherapy and the modulatory roles of the tumor immune microenvironment, with a focus on ICI therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are reviewed. The grading, types, biomarkers, and treatment of irAEs are also discussed. More research is needed to further increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and alleviate irAEs.
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BibTeX
@article{kamil2026cancer,
title = {{Cancer Immunotherapy and Immune-Related Adverse Events: Focusing on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.}},
author = {Atif Kamil and Sara Cowles and Casaundra C Driver and Aakriti Arora and Madison M Swyers and Luke W Boldt and Mahvish Muzaffar and Sameer A Batoo and Li V Yang},
journal = {Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/curroncol33100607},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930173},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cancer Immunotherapy and Immune-Related Adverse Events: Focusing on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
AU - Atif Kamil
AU - Sara Cowles
AU - Casaundra C Driver
AU - Aakriti Arora
AU - Madison M Swyers
AU - Luke W Boldt
AU - Mahvish Muzaffar
AU - Sameer A Batoo
AU - Li V Yang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/09
JO - Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)
DO - 10.3390/curroncol33100607
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930173
AB - The development of immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of cancer treatment. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrate therapeutic efficacy and improve patient survival across multiple cancer types. Currently, however, only a subset of cancer patients can achieve objective therapeutic responses and gain survival benefits from immunotherapy. Treatment-associated side effects, namely immune-related adverse events (irAEs), may cause autoimmune and inflammatory complications in various organ systems and hinder the use of immunotherapy in cancer patients. Herein, the development of cancer immunotherapy and the modulatory roles of the tumor immune microenvironment, with a focus on ICI therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are reviewed. The grading, types, biomarkers, and treatment of irAEs are also discussed. More research is needed to further increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy and alleviate irAEs.
SN - 1198-0052
SN - 1718-7729
ER -