Strong Nonlinear Alfvén Wave Interactions in a Laboratory Plasma
Abstract
Alfvén waves and their nonlinear interactions are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, and are thought to play important roles in the dynamics of these systems, yet their nature remains to be fully understood. We describe experiments performed on the Large Plasma Device to study the nature of counter- and co-propagating wave interactions relevant to strong Alfvénic turbulence. Both interactions were found to produce a broad spectrum of nonlinear modes as a result of a dominant quadratic nonlinearity. The counter-propagating interaction can be explained through the standard reduced MHD nonlinearity, and the co-propagating interaction can be explained through a recently-proposed model that includes second-order nonlinear terms from Hall MHD that dominate at large imbalance and scale with the ion inertial length. The predictions of the latter model were tested in both the experiment and in 3D hybrid simulations, where the nonlinear mode growth rate and ion inertial scale dependence were found to be consistent. Finally, at the obtained interaction strengths, energy was seen to be transferred to progressively smaller perpendicular scales, consistent with a local cascade, although not a state of fully-developed turbulence. These results reveal and verify the mechanisms occurring in balanced and imbalanced turbulence (as well as other Alfvénic nonlinear processes), and represent an important step towards the generation of controlled Alfvénic turbulence in the laboratory.
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BibTeX
@misc{chen2026strong,
title = {{Strong Nonlinear Alfvén Wave Interactions in a Laboratory Plasma}},
author = {C. H. K. Chen and S. Dorfman and S. Boldyrev and L. Franci and A. Mallet and M. Abler and S. Vincena and S. Greess and T. A. Carter},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.17162},
eprint = {2609.17162},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.17162},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Strong Nonlinear Alfvén Wave Interactions in a Laboratory Plasma
AU - C. H. K. Chen
AU - S. Dorfman
AU - S. Boldyrev
AU - L. Franci
AU - A. Mallet
AU - M. Abler
AU - S. Vincena
AU - S. Greess
AU - T. A. Carter
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.17162
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.17162
AB - Alfvén waves and their nonlinear interactions are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical plasmas, and are thought to play important roles in the dynamics of these systems, yet their nature remains to be fully understood. We describe experiments performed on the Large Plasma Device to study the nature of counter- and co-propagating wave interactions relevant to strong Alfvénic turbulence. Both interactions were found to produce a broad spectrum of nonlinear modes as a result of a dominant quadratic nonlinearity. The counter-propagating interaction can be explained through the standard reduced MHD nonlinearity, and the co-propagating interaction can be explained through a recently-proposed model that includes second-order nonlinear terms from Hall MHD that dominate at large imbalance and scale with the ion inertial length. The predictions of the latter model were tested in both the experiment and in 3D hybrid simulations, where the nonlinear mode growth rate and ion inertial scale dependence were found to be consistent. Finally, at the obtained interaction strengths, energy was seen to be transferred to progressively smaller perpendicular scales, consistent with a local cascade, although not a state of fully-developed turbulence. These results reveal and verify the mechanisms occurring in balanced and imbalanced turbulence (as well as other Alfvénic nonlinear processes), and represent an important step towards the generation of controlled Alfvénic turbulence in the laboratory.
ER -