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Peer-reviewedCC BYCureus

Clinical, Behavioral, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Self-Reported High Blood Pressure Among Canadian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey

  • Oto-obong J Utuk1
  • Adebola A Adeleye2
  • Akinyele Oladimeji3
  • Mariam T Adeyemi2
  • Jabez K Inkoom4
  • Oluwatumininu Akinbohun5
  • Amanda S Boateng6
  • Khadijat Abdulwasiu7
  • Samuel E John8
  • Maharambe E S A D S Ariyaratne9
9 affiliations
  1. 1General Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Mississauga, CAN
  2. 2School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, CAN
  3. 3Family Medicine, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, CAN
  4. 4Internal Medicine, University of Ghana Medical Centre, Accra, GHA
  5. 5General Medicine, Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, UKR
  6. 6Family Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Kumasi, GHA
  7. 7Family and Community Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, NGA
  8. 8General Practice, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, NGA
  9. 9Internal Medicine, All Saints Springhill Hospital, Springhill, CAN
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Abstract

Background

Hypertension is a common cardiovascular risk factor in Canada. Its distribution may vary according to clinical, behavioural, and sociodemographic characteristics. Although Canadian studies have examined selected hypertension risk factors, contemporary national analyses that assess these domains together among adults remain limited.

Objective

The study aimed to identify clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure among Canadian adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey public use microdata file. Adults aged 18 years or older with complete data were included. Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Sampling weights and 1,000 bootstrap replicate weights accounted for the complex survey design.

Results

The analytic sample included 52,735 adults, representing 27,062,726 Canadian adults. Self-reported high blood pressure was reported by 5,458,778 (20.2% ) adults. Compared with adults aged 18 to 34 years, adults aged 65 years or older had markedly higher odds of self-reported high blood pressure - adjusted odds ratio: 27.24, 95% confidence interval: 22.00 to 33.73, p < 0.001. Overweight or obesity - adjusted odds ratio: 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.99 to 2.39, p < 0.001; diabetes - adjusted odds ratio: 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 2.21 to 2.81, p < 0.001; and fair or poor self-perceived health - adjusted odds ratio: 2.56, 95% confidence interval: 2.28 to 2.87, p < 0.001, were associated with higher odds. Female sex was associated with lower odds than male sex - adjusted odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.81 to 0.95, p = 0.001.

Conclusions

Self-reported high blood pressure was associated with age, sex, body mass index category, diabetes, self-perceived health, income, and province group. These findings may assist population health planning and support risk-based blood pressure assessment. Longitudinal studies using measured blood pressure and additional behavioural and clinical variables are needed.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{utuk2026clinical,
  title = {{Clinical, Behavioral, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Self-Reported High Blood Pressure Among Canadian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey}},
  author = {Oto-obong J Utuk and Adebola A Adeleye and Akinyele Oladimeji and Mariam T Adeyemi and Jabez K Inkoom and Oluwatumininu Akinbohun and Amanda S Boateng and Khadijat Abdulwasiu and Samuel E John and Maharambe E S A D S Ariyaratne},
  journal = {Cureus},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.7759/cureus.117206},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721030},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinical, Behavioral, and Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Self-Reported High Blood Pressure Among Canadian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey
AU  - Oto-obong J Utuk
AU  - Adebola A Adeleye
AU  - Akinyele Oladimeji
AU  - Mariam T Adeyemi
AU  - Jabez K Inkoom
AU  - Oluwatumininu Akinbohun
AU  - Amanda S Boateng
AU  - Khadijat Abdulwasiu
AU  - Samuel E John
AU  - Maharambe E S A D S Ariyaratne
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Cureus
DO  - 10.7759/cureus.117206
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13721030
AB  - Background  Hypertension is a common cardiovascular risk factor in Canada. Its distribution may vary according to clinical, behavioural, and sociodemographic characteristics. Although Canadian studies have examined selected hypertension risk factors, contemporary national analyses that assess these domains together among adults remain limited.  Objective  The study aimed to identify clinical, behavioral, and sociodemographic factors associated with self-reported high blood pressure among Canadian adults.  Methods  This cross-sectional study used the 2022 Canadian Community Health Survey public use microdata file. Adults aged 18 years or older with complete data were included. Survey-weighted logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Sampling weights and 1,000 bootstrap replicate weights accounted for the complex survey design.  Results  The analytic sample included 52,735 adults, representing 27,062,726 Canadian adults. Self-reported high blood pressure was reported by 5,458,778 (20.2% ) adults. Compared with adults aged 18 to 34 years, adults aged 65 years or older had markedly higher odds of self-reported high blood pressure - adjusted odds ratio: 27.24, 95% confidence interval: 22.00 to 33.73, p < 0.001. Overweight or obesity - adjusted odds ratio: 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.99 to 2.39, p < 0.001; diabetes - adjusted odds ratio: 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 2.21 to 2.81, p < 0.001; and fair or poor self-perceived health - adjusted odds ratio: 2.56, 95% confidence interval: 2.28 to 2.87, p < 0.001, were associated with higher odds. Female sex was associated with lower odds than male sex - adjusted odds ratio: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.81 to 0.95, p = 0.001.  Conclusions  Self-reported high blood pressure was associated with age, sex, body mass index category, diabetes, self-perceived health, income, and province group. These findings may assist population health planning and support risk-based blood pressure assessment. Longitudinal studies using measured blood pressure and additional behavioural and clinical variables are needed.
SN  - 2168-8184
ER  -