Exact lattice resonances and a sharp second Picard obstruction for the two-dimensional inviscid primitive equations
Abstract
We study periodic perturbations of a rest state with constant stable stratification for the two-dimensional non-rotating primitive equations without viscosity or thermal diffusion on a fixed rectangular torus. Fourier resonance analysis and Sobolev estimates show that, despite unitary linear evolution, the polarized second Picard operator admits no bilinear bound losing less than one derivative at any Sobolev order and any fixed nonzero time for real data with zero vertical means. The loss is sharp for s≥2, with matching bounds on every sufficiently high physical dyadic shell. We classify exact lattice resonances in all signed channels and compute their polarized coefficients. A mixed-branch family with fixed vertical frequencies isolates diagnostic transport and shows that finite vertical regularity cannot reduce the loss below one horizontal derivative in tensor-product Sobolev spaces. In contrast, for s≥2, the horizontal mean of the second Picard operator admits a time-uniform one-derivative bound. In interaction variables, the response divided by time converges to the resonant operator, with an O(|t|−1) error after a four-derivative loss for s≥4. Finally, among real linear spaces defined solely by a common Fourier-support constraint on both components, the maximal spaces on which the full nonlinearity vanishes for all smooth states are precisely those supported on primitive lattice rays. On these rays, we construct explicit global solutions and obtain an exact criterion for uniform strict stratification.
Related
- Near-blowup asymptotic analysis and analytical extension for the inviscid primitive equations
- Uniqueness of Leray-Hopf weak solutions to the two-dimensional viscous Primitive Equations
- Global Well-Posedness and Persistence of H2 Regularity for the Three-Dimensional Primitive Equations with Horizontal and Topography-Adapted Thermal Diffusion
- Global stability and sharp decay for the two-dimensional non-rotating primitive equations without thermal diffusion
- Asymptotic stability and Rayleigh-Taylor instability of stratified states for the three-dimensional rotating primitive equations with gravity
BibTeX
@misc{luo2026exact,
title = {{Exact lattice resonances and a sharp second Picard obstruction for the two-dimensional inviscid primitive equations}},
author = {Fengjie Luo and Zhengdong Du},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.22853},
eprint = {2610.22853},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22853},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Exact lattice resonances and a sharp second Picard obstruction for the two-dimensional inviscid primitive equations
AU - Fengjie Luo
AU - Zhengdong Du
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.22853
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.22853
AB - We study periodic perturbations of a rest state with constant stable stratification for the two-dimensional non-rotating primitive equations without viscosity or thermal diffusion on a fixed rectangular torus. Fourier resonance analysis and Sobolev estimates show that, despite unitary linear evolution, the polarized second Picard operator admits no bilinear bound losing less than one derivative at any Sobolev order and any fixed nonzero time for real data with zero vertical means. The loss is sharp for s≥2, with matching bounds on every sufficiently high physical dyadic shell. We classify exact lattice resonances in all signed channels and compute their polarized coefficients. A mixed-branch family with fixed vertical frequencies isolates diagnostic transport and shows that finite vertical regularity cannot reduce the loss below one horizontal derivative in tensor-product Sobolev spaces. In contrast, for s≥2, the horizontal mean of the second Picard operator admits a time-uniform one-derivative bound. In interaction variables, the response divided by time converges to the resonant operator, with an O(|t|^−1) error after a four-derivative loss for s≥4. Finally, among real linear spaces defined solely by a common Fourier-support constraint on both components, the maximal spaces on which the full nonlinearity vanishes for all smooth states are precisely those supported on primitive lattice rays. On these rays, we construct explicit global solutions and obtain an exact criterion for uniform strict stratification.
ER -