Localization in Multi-Panel Massive MIMO With Clock Asynchronism: A Unified Approach
Abstract
In this work, we propose a unified localization framework, termed UNILocMP, that combines model-based geometry and channel charting (CC) for multi-panel massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) under clock asynchronism. Owing to the multi-panel architecture, users are classified into multi-line-of-sight (LoS) users, which maintain LoS links with at least two panels, and single/non-LoS users, which maintain a LoS link with only one panel or with none of the panels. For multi-LoS users, a joint position and clock bias estimation is developed; while for single/non-LoS users, an unsupervised CC model is trained with a two-stage data augmentation strategy, where a clock-bias aware dissimilarity metric is introduced. It is numerically validated that the proposed UNILocMP outperforms model-based and CC-based baselines and achieves acceptable performance compared with fully-supervised fingerprinting. Moreover, for a fixed total number of antennas, the multi-panel architecture significantly improves localization accuracy and robustness compared with a single-panel base station (BS) deployment, particularly in the presence of clock asynchronism.
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BibTeX
@misc{zhang2026localization,
title = {{Localization in Multi-Panel Massive MIMO With Clock Asynchronism: A Unified Approach}},
author = {Yuhao Zhang and Guangjin Pan and Musa Furkan Keskin and Carmen D'Andrea and Stefano Buzzi and Henk Wymeersch},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.12178},
eprint = {2610.12178},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12178},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Localization in Multi-Panel Massive MIMO With Clock Asynchronism: A Unified Approach
AU - Yuhao Zhang
AU - Guangjin Pan
AU - Musa Furkan Keskin
AU - Carmen D'Andrea
AU - Stefano Buzzi
AU - Henk Wymeersch
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.12178
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.12178
AB - In this work, we propose a unified localization framework, termed UNILocMP, that combines model-based geometry and channel charting (CC) for multi-panel massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) under clock asynchronism. Owing to the multi-panel architecture, users are classified into multi-line-of-sight (LoS) users, which maintain LoS links with at least two panels, and single/non-LoS users, which maintain a LoS link with only one panel or with none of the panels. For multi-LoS users, a joint position and clock bias estimation is developed; while for single/non-LoS users, an unsupervised CC model is trained with a two-stage data augmentation strategy, where a clock-bias aware dissimilarity metric is introduced. It is numerically validated that the proposed UNILocMP outperforms model-based and CC-based baselines and achieves acceptable performance compared with fully-supervised fingerprinting. Moreover, for a fixed total number of antennas, the multi-panel architecture significantly improves localization accuracy and robustness compared with a single-panel base station (BS) deployment, particularly in the presence of clock asynchronism.
ER -