Universal Suppression of Dissipation across Conformal Interface in Open Quantum Critical Systems
Abstract
Conformal interfaces provide an important setting for studying universal transmission phenomena in one-dimensional quantum critical systems. While energy and information transmission across such interfaces are characterized by universal quantities in closed systems, the corresponding role of conformal interfaces in dissipative dynamics is less understood. In this work, we study relaxation in locally dissipative quantum critical chains with a conformal interface and show that a universal characterization emerges at the level of individual relaxation modes. We first show that the relaxation coefficient defined in the recent work [1] from the Liouvillian gap can become non-universal for certain boundary conditions because the mode determining the smallest decay rate can change as the interface transmission is varied. To resolve this ambiguity, we introduce a mode-resolved relaxation coefficient crelax by continuously tracking the same Liouvillian rapidity mode as a function of the interface transmission. Using analytical and numerical calculations for a critical harmonic chain and a critical free-fermion chain, we find that, in the weak-dissipation regime, crelax follows the same universal dependence on the interface transmission in all cases considered, independent of microscopic details such as the boundary conditions, dissipation strength, and location of the local dissipation. For boundary dissipation, this universal behavior persists even at finite dissipation strength. Our results establish a universal mode-resolved characterization of relaxation across conformal interfaces in open quantum critical systems.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{barad2026universal,
title = {{Universal Suppression of Dissipation across Conformal Interface in Open Quantum Critical Systems}},
author = {Ruhanshi Barad and Tian Wu and Qicheng Tang and Xueda Wen},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.19292},
eprint = {2609.19292},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19292},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Universal Suppression of Dissipation across Conformal Interface in Open Quantum Critical Systems
AU - Ruhanshi Barad
AU - Tian Wu
AU - Qicheng Tang
AU - Xueda Wen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.19292
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19292
AB - Conformal interfaces provide an important setting for studying universal transmission phenomena in one-dimensional quantum critical systems. While energy and information transmission across such interfaces are characterized by universal quantities in closed systems, the corresponding role of conformal interfaces in dissipative dynamics is less understood. In this work, we study relaxation in locally dissipative quantum critical chains with a conformal interface and show that a universal characterization emerges at the level of individual relaxation modes. We first show that the relaxation coefficient defined in the recent work [1] from the Liouvillian gap can become non-universal for certain boundary conditions because the mode determining the smallest decay rate can change as the interface transmission is varied. To resolve this ambiguity, we introduce a mode-resolved relaxation coefficient c_relax by continuously tracking the same Liouvillian rapidity mode as a function of the interface transmission. Using analytical and numerical calculations for a critical harmonic chain and a critical free-fermion chain, we find that, in the weak-dissipation regime, c_relax follows the same universal dependence on the interface transmission in all cases considered, independent of microscopic details such as the boundary conditions, dissipation strength, and location of the local dissipation. For boundary dissipation, this universal behavior persists even at finite dissipation strength. Our results establish a universal mode-resolved characterization of relaxation across conformal interfaces in open quantum critical systems.
ER -