Association of Climate Variables with the Incidence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rasht, North of Iran, over a 5-Year Period (2017-2021)
5 affiliations
- 1Critical care Nursing (MsN), Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 2Professor, Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 3Assistant professor Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of cardiology, heshmat hospital, school of medicine, Guilan University of medical sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 4Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- 5Associate Professor, Department of Pre-hospital Medical Emergency, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
Abstract
Background: Climate change, as a serious health threat worldwide, paves the way for the emergence of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association of climate variables with the incidence and mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in Rasht, north of Iran, over a 5-year period (2017-2021) Methods: This is a retrospective, time-series ecological study. We included data from 4,545 patients with AMI referred to a specialized heart hospital in Rasht, north of Iran, from 2017 to 2021 using a census method. Data related to climate variables (extreme heat, extreme cold, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity) were obtained from the Guilan Meteorological Organization. Poisson regression was used to assess correlations, and the distributed lag non-linear model in R was used to estimate the effects of climate variables. Results: During the five-year period, the highest number of hospitalizations was seen in 2017 (n=1,006), and the highest mortality was reported in 2021 (n=102). The findings showed that 61% of hospitalized patients were under 65 years of age, and most of them (70.8%) were male. Regarding patient mortality, the highest mortality rate occurred in people over 65 years of age (58.2%), and the majority were men (59.6%). Heat was not significantly associated with AMI incidence or mortality, while cold weather was significantly associated with increased relative risk of AMI incidence (RR=1.242, 95% CI; 1.038-1.458) at lags of 4 and 7 days and AMI mortality (RR=1.402, 95% CI; 1.086-1.811) at lags of 3 and 4 days. Also, in low humidity, the relative risk of AMI incidence (RR=1.381, 95% CI; 1.082-1.764) and AMI mortality significantly increased (RR=1.033, 95% CI; 1.006-1.06). At high atmospheric pressures (1032-1037 hPa), a significant relationship between the risk of disease incidence and atmospheric pressure was observed at lags 0, 5, and 7 days; the incidence rate increased with these lags (RR= 1.005, 95% CI; 1-1.028; RR= 1.007, 95% CI; 1-1.013; RR= 1.006, 95% CI;1-1.012, respectively). Conclusion: Given the significant association of increased incidence and mortality of AMI in cold weather, low humidity and high atmospheric pressure, it is essential to pay attention to preventive measures such as issuing early warnings and preparing the health system in the pre-hospital and hospital areas to create a super-capacity response in northern Iran.
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BibTeX
@article{aghdam2026association,
title = {{Association of Climate Variables with the Incidence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rasht, North of Iran, over a 5-Year Period (2017-2021)}},
author = {Malihe Panahi Aghdam and Fatemeh Jafaraghaee and Bahare Gholami-Chaboki and Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli and Mohammad taghi Moghadamnia},
journal = {Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Association of Climate Variables with the Incidence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rasht, North of Iran, over a 5-Year Period (2017-2021)
AU - Malihe Panahi Aghdam
AU - Fatemeh Jafaraghaee
AU - Bahare Gholami-Chaboki
AU - Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli
AU - Mohammad taghi Moghadamnia
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery
AB - Background: Climate change, as a serious health threat worldwide, paves the way for the emergence of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the association of climate variables with the incidence and mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in Rasht, north of Iran, over a 5-year period (2017-2021) Methods: This is a retrospective, time-series ecological study. We included data from 4,545 patients with AMI referred to a specialized heart hospital in Rasht, north of Iran, from 2017 to 2021 using a census method. Data related to climate variables (extreme heat, extreme cold, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity) were obtained from the Guilan Meteorological Organization. Poisson regression was used to assess correlations, and the distributed lag non-linear model in R was used to estimate the effects of climate variables. Results: During the five-year period, the highest number of hospitalizations was seen in 2017 (n=1,006), and the highest mortality was reported in 2021 (n=102). The findings showed that 61% of hospitalized patients were under 65 years of age, and most of them (70.8%) were male. Regarding patient mortality, the highest mortality rate occurred in people over 65 years of age (58.2%), and the majority were men (59.6%). Heat was not significantly associated with AMI incidence or mortality, while cold weather was significantly associated with increased relative risk of AMI incidence (RR=1.242, 95% CI; 1.038-1.458) at lags of 4 and 7 days and AMI mortality (RR=1.402, 95% CI; 1.086-1.811) at lags of 3 and 4 days. Also, in low humidity, the relative risk of AMI incidence (RR=1.381, 95% CI; 1.082-1.764) and AMI mortality significantly increased (RR=1.033, 95% CI; 1.006-1.06). At high atmospheric pressures (1032-1037 hPa), a significant relationship between the risk of disease incidence and atmospheric pressure was observed at lags 0, 5, and 7 days; the incidence rate increased with these lags (RR= 1.005, 95% CI; 1-1.028; RR= 1.007, 95% CI; 1-1.013; RR= 1.006, 95% CI;1-1.012, respectively). Conclusion: Given the significant association of increased incidence and mortality of AMI in cold weather, low humidity and high atmospheric pressure, it is essential to pay attention to preventive measures such as issuing early warnings and preparing the health system in the pre-hospital and hospital areas to create a super-capacity response in northern Iran.
SN - 2588-3712
SN - 2588-3720
ER -