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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Journal of Sailing Technology

Influence of Wind Unsteadiness and Inhomogeneity on the Mean and Fluctuating Aerodynamic Force Acting on a Wingsail

  • Clément Bouhourd
  • Laurent Perret
  • Carlo Cossu
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Abstract

The unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on a single wingsail immersed in turbulent atmospheric surface layer winds are numerically investigated by means of a blade element method with unsteady aerodynamic force modeling combined with a free-vortex wake model, which are standard tools in the wind energy community. We show that the root mean square (RMS) fluctuation amplitudes of the aerodynamic force range from 15% to 40% of the mean value when the true wind mean velocity is higher than the ship velocity. Peak fluctuation amplitudes are two to three times higher than the root-mean square amplitudes. We also show that the mean aerodynamic force is only slightly reduced when computed using the fully turbulent wind instead of the mean wind profile. Keywords unsteady aerodynamics; wingsail; WASP; atmospheric turbulent boundary layer; large eddy simulation; blade element method

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{bouhourd2026influence,
  title = {{Influence of Wind Unsteadiness and Inhomogeneity on the Mean and Fluctuating Aerodynamic Force Acting on a Wingsail}},
  author = {Clément Bouhourd and Laurent Perret and Carlo Cossu},
  journal = {Journal of Sailing Technology},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.5957/jst/2026.11.1.286},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05751071v1},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influence of Wind Unsteadiness and Inhomogeneity on the Mean and Fluctuating Aerodynamic Force Acting on a Wingsail
AU  - Clément Bouhourd
AU  - Laurent Perret
AU  - Carlo Cossu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/05
JO  - Journal of Sailing Technology
DO  - 10.5957/jst/2026.11.1.286
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05751071v1
AB  - The unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on a single wingsail immersed in turbulent atmospheric surface layer winds are numerically investigated by means of a blade element method with unsteady aerodynamic force modeling combined with a free-vortex wake model, which are standard tools in the wind energy community. We show that the root mean square (RMS) fluctuation amplitudes of the aerodynamic force range from 15% to 40% of the mean value when the true wind mean velocity is higher than the ship velocity. Peak fluctuation amplitudes are two to three times higher than the root-mean square amplitudes. We also show that the mean aerodynamic force is only slightly reduced when computed using the fully turbulent wind instead of the mean wind profile. Keywords unsteady aerodynamics; wingsail; WASP; atmospheric turbulent boundary layer; large eddy simulation; blade element method
SN  - 2475-370X
ER  -