Energy partitioning of wave packets in one-dimensional systems
Abstract
We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of wave packets in a one-dimensional critical fermionic system and analyze the resulting partitioning of energy between emergent excitations. Starting from a Gaussian wave packet injected on top of the many-body ground state, we follow its real-time evolution using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group. We observe that interactions lead to fractionalization of the initial excitation into counter-propagating left- and right-moving modes, whose energies can be resolved in real space. To interpret these results, we employ Luttinger liquid theory, which allows us to derive analytical predictions for the energy carried by the emergent modes. We find good agreement between field-theoretical predictions and numerical simulations in the low-energy regime. In contrast to charge fractionalization, which is completely determined by the Luttinger liquid parameter, we show that energy partitioning is non-universal and depends on details of the injected wave packet, such as its width. Our results provide a real-space characterization of energy partitioning in one-dimensional systems and establish a quantitative comparison between non-equilibrium numerical simulations and the effective field-theory description.
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BibTeX
@misc{ramos2026energy,
title = {{Energy partitioning of wave packets in one-dimensional systems}},
author = {Flavia B. Ramos and Imke Schneider and Sebastian Eggert and Rodrigo G. Pereira},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.19450},
eprint = {2609.19450},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19450},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Energy partitioning of wave packets in one-dimensional systems
AU - Flavia B. Ramos
AU - Imke Schneider
AU - Sebastian Eggert
AU - Rodrigo G. Pereira
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.19450
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19450
AB - We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of wave packets in a one-dimensional critical fermionic system and analyze the resulting partitioning of energy between emergent excitations. Starting from a Gaussian wave packet injected on top of the many-body ground state, we follow its real-time evolution using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group. We observe that interactions lead to fractionalization of the initial excitation into counter-propagating left- and right-moving modes, whose energies can be resolved in real space. To interpret these results, we employ Luttinger liquid theory, which allows us to derive analytical predictions for the energy carried by the emergent modes. We find good agreement between field-theoretical predictions and numerical simulations in the low-energy regime. In contrast to charge fractionalization, which is completely determined by the Luttinger liquid parameter, we show that energy partitioning is non-universal and depends on details of the injected wave packet, such as its width. Our results provide a real-space characterization of energy partitioning in one-dimensional systems and establish a quantitative comparison between non-equilibrium numerical simulations and the effective field-theory description.
ER -