Measuring Clock Precision Without an Ideal Time Reference
Abstract
Characterising physical devices typically requires comparison with more precise reference standards. For clocks, however, this approach is problematic because no physically perfect time reference exists; real clocks have finite, model-dependent uncertainty. We address whether multiple imperfect clocks can collectively determine their precision without an absolute reference. This paper provides analytic bounds and protocols for quantifying clock precision using only multiple copies of the same clock, which need not be synchronised and may have manufacturing variations or environmental coupling. Beyond clock characterisation, these methods enable precise measurements f sub-period intervals and relativistic effects such as time dilation and Doppler shifts, providing tools for quantum metrology and fundamental physics.
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BibTeX
@misc{dominguez2026measuring,
title = {{Measuring Clock Precision Without an Ideal Time Reference}},
author = {Pablo Á. Domínguez and Christopher Chubb and Mischa P. Woods},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.31837},
eprint = {2609.31837},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31837},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Measuring Clock Precision Without an Ideal Time Reference
AU - Pablo Á. Domínguez
AU - Christopher Chubb
AU - Mischa P. Woods
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.31837
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31837
AB - Characterising physical devices typically requires comparison with more precise reference standards. For clocks, however, this approach is problematic because no physically perfect time reference exists; real clocks have finite, model-dependent uncertainty. We address whether multiple imperfect clocks can collectively determine their precision without an absolute reference. This paper provides analytic bounds and protocols for quantifying clock precision using only multiple copies of the same clock, which need not be synchronised and may have manufacturing variations or environmental coupling. Beyond clock characterisation, these methods enable precise measurements f sub-period intervals and relativistic effects such as time dilation and Doppler shifts, providing tools for quantum metrology and fundamental physics.
ER -