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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Royal Society Open Science

Epidemiological trajectory of Mpox in Brazil, 2022–2025: evidence of geographic consolidation and syndemic burden

  • Gabriel do Nascimento Soares1
  • Camila Innocente-Alves1
  • Ana Luiza Marques1
  • Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol1,2
  • Fabrício S. Campos3,4
  • Lucélia Santi1,5
  • Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva1,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 1 , Porto Alegre, Brazil
  2. 2Programa de pós-graduação em epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2 , Porto Alegre, Brazil
  3. 3Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 3 , Porto Alegre, Brazil
  4. 4College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University 5 , Ithaca, NY, USA
  5. 5Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 4 , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Abstract

Mpox has transitioned from outbreak to sustained transmission in Brazil, a country with high ecological and social connectivity. We analysed the epidemiological trajectory of mpox during 2022–2025 using 14 475 laboratory-confirmed cases reported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Our findings indicate geographical consolidation of transmission, with the highest incidence observed in the southeast and midwest regions. The epidemic disproportionately affects men (93.0%), particularly young adults, with transmission primarily associated with networks of men who have sex with men (69.1%). A substantial burden of co-infections was identified: 47.1% of reported cases occurred in persons living with HIV and 30.8% had syphilis. Clinically, most patients presented with cutaneous manifestations (91.3%). These findings highlight the convergence of epidemiological and social determinants shaping mpox transmission in Brazil. Strengthening integrated surveillance systems and ensuring equitable, stigma-free access to prevention and care are critical to reducing transmission and mitigating the risk of broader dissemination.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{soares2026epidemiological,
  title = {{Epidemiological trajectory of Mpox in Brazil, 2022–2025: evidence of geographic consolidation and syndemic burden}},
  author = {Gabriel do Nascimento Soares and Camila Innocente-Alves and Ana Luiza Marques and Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol and Fabrício S. Campos and Lucélia Santi and Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva},
  journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.261003},
  url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/261003/483944/Epidemiological-trajectory-of-Mpox-in-Brazil-2022},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiological trajectory of Mpox in Brazil, 2022–2025: evidence of geographic consolidation and syndemic burden
AU  - Gabriel do Nascimento Soares
AU  - Camila Innocente-Alves
AU  - Ana Luiza Marques
AU  - Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol
AU  - Fabrício S. Campos
AU  - Lucélia Santi
AU  - Walter Orlando Beys-da-Silva
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/07
JO  - Royal Society Open Science
DO  - 10.1098/rsos.261003
UR  - https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/261003/483944/Epidemiological-trajectory-of-Mpox-in-Brazil-2022
AB  - Mpox has transitioned from outbreak to sustained transmission in Brazil, a country with high ecological and social connectivity. We analysed the epidemiological trajectory of mpox during 2022–2025 using 14 475 laboratory-confirmed cases reported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Our findings indicate geographical consolidation of transmission, with the highest incidence observed in the southeast and midwest regions. The epidemic disproportionately affects men (93.0%), particularly young adults, with transmission primarily associated with networks of men who have sex with men (69.1%). A substantial burden of co-infections was identified: 47.1% of reported cases occurred in persons living with HIV and 30.8% had syphilis. Clinically, most patients presented with cutaneous manifestations (91.3%). These findings highlight the convergence of epidemiological and social determinants shaping mpox transmission in Brazil. Strengthening integrated surveillance systems and ensuring equitable, stigma-free access to prevention and care are critical to reducing transmission and mitigating the risk of broader dissemination.
SN  - 2054-5703
ER  -