Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Vernonia amygdalina and Senna siamea leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria
- 1Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
Abstract
The study assessed the antibacterial and antibiofilm capability of Vernonia amygdalina and Senna siamea against both ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing bacteria. The result from the phytochemical screening revealed that secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarins, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids were present in both plants, except glycosides, which were exclusively detected in Vernonia amygdalina. The antibacterial activity showed that Senna siamea had its highest zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae, whereas Vernonia amygdalina recorded its highest effect on E. coli. The MIC values for Senna siamea ranged from 6.25 to 25.00 mg/mL, while the MICs of Vernonia amygdalina ranged from 12.50 ± 0.00 to 50.00 ± 0.00 mg/mL. Combination testing indicated synergy between the two extracts only for E. coli. Antibiofilm assays showed clear dose-dependent inhibition. At 100 mg/mL, Vernonia amygdalina showed 99.01% inhibition against ESBL K. pneumoniae, while Senna siamea at the same concentration reached 99.72% against S. aureus. These data demonstrate the relevant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities for each extract and support continuing efforts that could include them in new strategies against resistant pathogens, including ESBL-producers.
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BibTeX
@article{mohammed2026antimicrobial,
title = {{Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Vernonia amygdalina and Senna siamea leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria}},
author = {Sumaila Mohammed and Zakari Abdul-Karim and Emmanuel Ndezure and Matthew Glover Addo and Kwadwo Boampong},
journal = {PLOS One},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0358840},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358840},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of Vernonia amygdalina and Senna siamea leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria
AU - Sumaila Mohammed
AU - Zakari Abdul-Karim
AU - Emmanuel Ndezure
AU - Matthew Glover Addo
AU - Kwadwo Boampong
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - PLOS One
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0358840
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358840
AB - The study assessed the antibacterial and antibiofilm capability of Vernonia amygdalina and Senna siamea against both ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing bacteria. The result from the phytochemical screening revealed that secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarins, triterpenoids, and phytosteroids were present in both plants, except glycosides, which were exclusively detected in Vernonia amygdalina. The antibacterial activity showed that Senna siamea had its highest zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae, whereas Vernonia amygdalina recorded its highest effect on E. coli. The MIC values for Senna siamea ranged from 6.25 to 25.00 mg/mL, while the MICs of Vernonia amygdalina ranged from 12.50 ± 0.00 to 50.00 ± 0.00 mg/mL. Combination testing indicated synergy between the two extracts only for E. coli. Antibiofilm assays showed clear dose-dependent inhibition. At 100 mg/mL, Vernonia amygdalina showed 99.01% inhibition against ESBL K. pneumoniae, while Senna siamea at the same concentration reached 99.72% against S. aureus. These data demonstrate the relevant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities for each extract and support continuing efforts that could include them in new strategies against resistant pathogens, including ESBL-producers.
SN - 1932-6203
ER -