A Chip-scale Space-time Multiplexed Gaussian Boson Sampling Processor Beyond 10,000 Photons
Abstract
Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has emerged as a leading photonic paradigmfor demonstrating quantum computational advantage. Nevertheless, state-ofthe-art GBS setups face practical barriers including stringent optical alignment, phase instability, and limited programmability, which impede scalable engineering deployment. The chip-scale space-time multiplexed architecturepromises to resolve these constraints, yet it strongly demands wafer-scale chipcapabilities to simultaneously satisfy stringent requirements on low loss, highprecision and high-speed modulation. Here we report the first chip-scale spacetime multiplexed GBS system, monolithically integrating high-speed electrooptic modulators, on-chip delay lines, and a time-space multiplexed interferometric network on a thin-film lithium niobate chip, operating at a 4-GHz clockrate with detection events of up to 11,059 photons within 1 millisecond. Beyond benchmarking quantum advantage, we further reconfigure the photonichardware into a GBS-powered world model for modelling physical dynamics,which achieves lower prediction error with fewer trainable readout parameters compared with a classical echo state network (ESN) baseline. Our resultsvalidate the feasibility of our endeavor towards scalable photonic quantumhardware, and pave the way for the versatile programmable applications offuture GBS quantum systems.
Related
- Classical Simulation of Lossy Gaussian Boson Sampling beyond Square-Root Regime
- Wavelength-Multiplexed Nonlinear Computing with a Single-Layer Diffractive Optical Processor
- Exploring Quantum Phase Transitions Beyond Landau Theory on a Quantum Processor
- Log-depth entanglement transition in hypercube Gaussian boson sampling
- Uniform Hiding and Two Routes to Relative Accuracy in Gaussian Boson Sampling
BibTeX
@misc{fu2026chipscale,
title = {{A Chip-scale Space-time Multiplexed Gaussian Boson Sampling Processor Beyond 10,000 Photons}},
author = {Yu-Xuan Fu and He-Yu Shen and Ke-Ming Hu and Jun-Jie He and Yun-Long Nie and Hang Song and Bao-Jing Liu and Le-Si Yang and Xiao-Yu Wu and Pei-Lin Du and Yu-Ze Zhu and Yi Xie and De-Hui Huang and Yu-Fei Liu and Hai Yan and Jin-Hong Chen and Yu-Lin Yu and Chuan-Yan Peng and Wen-Hao Zhou and Feng Lu and Yu-Quan Peng and Chen-Shuo Xia and Zhi-Chao Wang and Zhe-Han Li and Lin Chen and Chao-Yang Zhang and Chun-Yan Jin and Yan-Rong Zong and Xiao-Yun Xu and Jian-Peng Dou and Xiao-Tian Fang and Pei-Qi Zhou and Hao Tang and Chang-Shun Wang and Lin Yang and Xian-Min Jin},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.11922},
eprint = {2609.11922},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11922},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Chip-scale Space-time Multiplexed Gaussian Boson Sampling Processor Beyond 10,000 Photons
AU - Yu-Xuan Fu
AU - He-Yu Shen
AU - Ke-Ming Hu
AU - Jun-Jie He
AU - Yun-Long Nie
AU - Hang Song
AU - Bao-Jing Liu
AU - Le-Si Yang
AU - Xiao-Yu Wu
AU - Pei-Lin Du
AU - Yu-Ze Zhu
AU - Yi Xie
AU - De-Hui Huang
AU - Yu-Fei Liu
AU - Hai Yan
AU - Jin-Hong Chen
AU - Yu-Lin Yu
AU - Chuan-Yan Peng
AU - Wen-Hao Zhou
AU - Feng Lu
AU - Yu-Quan Peng
AU - Chen-Shuo Xia
AU - Zhi-Chao Wang
AU - Zhe-Han Li
AU - Lin Chen
AU - Chao-Yang Zhang
AU - Chun-Yan Jin
AU - Yan-Rong Zong
AU - Xiao-Yun Xu
AU - Jian-Peng Dou
AU - Xiao-Tian Fang
AU - Pei-Qi Zhou
AU - Hao Tang
AU - Chang-Shun Wang
AU - Lin Yang
AU - Xian-Min Jin
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.11922
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11922
AB - Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) has emerged as a leading photonic paradigmfor demonstrating quantum computational advantage. Nevertheless, state-ofthe-art GBS setups face practical barriers including stringent optical alignment, phase instability, and limited programmability, which impede scalable engineering deployment. The chip-scale space-time multiplexed architecturepromises to resolve these constraints, yet it strongly demands wafer-scale chipcapabilities to simultaneously satisfy stringent requirements on low loss, highprecision and high-speed modulation. Here we report the first chip-scale spacetime multiplexed GBS system, monolithically integrating high-speed electrooptic modulators, on-chip delay lines, and a time-space multiplexed interferometric network on a thin-film lithium niobate chip, operating at a 4-GHz clockrate with detection events of up to 11,059 photons within 1 millisecond. Beyond benchmarking quantum advantage, we further reconfigure the photonichardware into a GBS-powered world model for modelling physical dynamics,which achieves lower prediction error with fewer trainable readout parameters compared with a classical echo state network (ESN) baseline. Our resultsvalidate the feasibility of our endeavor towards scalable photonic quantumhardware, and pave the way for the versatile programmable applications offuture GBS quantum systems.
ER -