Prevalence, pattern and caregiver responses to adverse events following immunisation in selected secondary and tertiary hospitals in Osogbo Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
- 1Institut Superieur de sante
Abstract
BackgroundSurveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and appropriate reporting are essential ingredients of an effective immunization programme. Despite increasing recognition by caregivers, the response to it remains a major problem, with the majority being inappropriate. This study is therefore intended to determine the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of caregivers response regarding AEFI in Nigerian hospitals.
MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 caregiver-infant pairs across 3 Nigerian hospitals, using semi-structured questionnaires to document sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of caregivers response. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27. Predictors of AEFI and determinants of caregivers response were assessed using Pearsons chi-square and logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsThe prevalence of AEFI was 71.7%, with inconsolable crying/irritability, fever, and swelling at the vaccination site as the leading cases. Infant age, weight, and gestational status at birth were predictors of AEFI occurrence. Only 8 (3.0%) caregivers presented at a healthcare facility when AEFI was noticed (appropriate response), while 360 (97.0%) did not (inappropriate). The relationship of the caregiver to the vaccinated infant (mother) was found to be a determinant of caregivers response to the occurrence of AEFI.
ConclusionAn increasing prevalence of AEFI that was not followed by an optimally appropriate response from caregivers has been demonstrated. This calls for more public enlightenment focusing on the need to report AEFI at healthcare facilities, as this will help in ensuring vaccine safety and improvement in the immunization programme.
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BibTeX
@misc{adeyemo2026prevalence,
title = {{Prevalence, pattern and caregiver responses to adverse events following immunisation in selected secondary and tertiary hospitals in Osogbo Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study}},
author = {S. C. Adeyemo and F. A. Olagunju and A. O. Odeyemi and E. Agelebe and A. O. Omoboyeje and K. Awodele and R. Oyelami-Adegbite and S. O. Oninla and E. D. Olabode},
howpublished = {medRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.15.26363153},
url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.26363153v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Prevalence, pattern and caregiver responses to adverse events following immunisation in selected secondary and tertiary hospitals in Osogbo Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
AU - S. C. Adeyemo
AU - F. A. Olagunju
AU - A. O. Odeyemi
AU - E. Agelebe
AU - A. O. Omoboyeje
AU - K. Awodele
AU - R. Oyelami-Adegbite
AU - S. O. Oninla
AU - E. D. Olabode
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/15
PB - medRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.15.26363153
UR - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.15.26363153v1
AB - BackgroundSurveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and appropriate reporting are essential ingredients of an effective immunization programme. Despite increasing recognition by caregivers, the response to it remains a major problem, with the majority being inappropriate. This study is therefore intended to determine the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of caregivers response regarding AEFI in Nigerian hospitals. MethodologyA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 caregiver-infant pairs across 3 Nigerian hospitals, using semi-structured questionnaires to document sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence, pattern, and determinants of caregivers response. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27. Predictors of AEFI and determinants of caregivers response were assessed using Pearsons chi-square and logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe prevalence of AEFI was 71.7%, with inconsolable crying/irritability, fever, and swelling at the vaccination site as the leading cases. Infant age, weight, and gestational status at birth were predictors of AEFI occurrence. Only 8 (3.0%) caregivers presented at a healthcare facility when AEFI was noticed (appropriate response), while 360 (97.0%) did not (inappropriate). The relationship of the caregiver to the vaccinated infant (mother) was found to be a determinant of caregivers response to the occurrence of AEFI. ConclusionAn increasing prevalence of AEFI that was not followed by an optimally appropriate response from caregivers has been demonstrated. This calls for more public enlightenment focusing on the need to report AEFI at healthcare facilities, as this will help in ensuring vaccine safety and improvement in the immunization programme.
ER -