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Peer-reviewedCC BYArtificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology

Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using pomegranate husk extract: comparative evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties

  • Shi-Yan Cheah1
  • You-Kang Phang1
  • Sharon Chia-Yen Lim1
  • Ming-Xiu Koh1
  • Sinouvassane Djearamane2
  • Hemaroopini Subramaniam2
  • Boon Hoe Lim1
  • Fang Li3
  • Mohammod Aminuzzaman1,4
  • Ling Shing Wong5
  • Lai‐Hock Tey1
5 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)
  2. 2Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)
  3. 3School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Medical College
  4. 4Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Science, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT)
  5. 5Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University
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Abstract

The prevalence of obesity has risen sharply in recent years, prompting the need for safer and more biocompatible therapeutic alternatives to conventional anti-obesity drugs. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using pomegranate husk extract via two green approaches: conventional heating and microwave-assisted synthesis. Structural and morphological characterizations confirmed successful nanoparticle formation. Microwave-assisted ZnO nanoparticles (MA-ZnO NPs) exhibited smaller particle dimensions and narrower polydispersity compared with conventionally synthesized ZnO NPs. Both types of ZnO NPs demonstrated notable antioxidant activity (>62% scavenging in DPPH and ABTS assays) and strong inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase and α-amylase (>70%), comparable to standard drugs such as orlistat and acarbose. Cytotoxicity assays using Vero cells confirmed high biocompatibility, with >60% cell viability. This work presents a comparative evaluation of two green synthesis methods and highlights the potential of biogenic ZnO NPs as multifunctional agents for oxidative stress reduction and enzyme inhibition in obesity management.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{cheah2026green,
  title = {{Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using pomegranate husk extract: comparative evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties}},
  author = {Shi-Yan Cheah and You-Kang Phang and Sharon Chia-Yen Lim and Ming-Xiu Koh and Sinouvassane Djearamane and Hemaroopini Subramaniam and Boon Hoe Lim and Fang Li and Mohammod Aminuzzaman and Ling Shing Wong and Lai‐Hock Tey},
  journal = {Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1080/21691401.2026.2668258},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2026.2668258},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using pomegranate husk extract: comparative evaluation of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic properties
AU  - Shi-Yan Cheah
AU  - You-Kang Phang
AU  - Sharon Chia-Yen Lim
AU  - Ming-Xiu Koh
AU  - Sinouvassane Djearamane
AU  - Hemaroopini Subramaniam
AU  - Boon Hoe Lim
AU  - Fang Li
AU  - Mohammod Aminuzzaman
AU  - Ling Shing Wong
AU  - Lai‐Hock Tey
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/16
JO  - Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology
DO  - 10.1080/21691401.2026.2668258
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2026.2668258
AB  - The prevalence of obesity has risen sharply in recent years, prompting the need for safer and more biocompatible therapeutic alternatives to conventional anti-obesity drugs. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using pomegranate husk extract via two green approaches: conventional heating and microwave-assisted synthesis. Structural and morphological characterizations confirmed successful nanoparticle formation. Microwave-assisted ZnO nanoparticles (MA-ZnO NPs) exhibited smaller particle dimensions and narrower polydispersity compared with conventionally synthesized ZnO NPs. Both types of ZnO NPs demonstrated notable antioxidant activity (>62% scavenging in DPPH and ABTS assays) and strong inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase and α-amylase (>70%), comparable to standard drugs such as orlistat and acarbose. Cytotoxicity assays using Vero cells confirmed high biocompatibility, with >60% cell viability. This work presents a comparative evaluation of two green synthesis methods and highlights the potential of biogenic ZnO NPs as multifunctional agents for oxidative stress reduction and enzyme inhibition in obesity management.
SN  - 2169-1401
SN  - 2169-141X
ER  -