Imaging patterns and diagnostic challenges in metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common subtype of breast cancer after invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), previously referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. Loss of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion drives its characteristic diffuse infiltration, producing subtle or ill-defined lesions on imaging and contributing to underdiagnosis. ILC is heterogeneous, comprising a classical form and several variants-some of which, such as pleomorphic ILC, are considered more aggressive and carry distinct prognostic implications. ILC demonstrates a distinctive metastatic tropism, with a higher prevalence of peritoneal, gastrointestinal, ovarian, and leptomeningeal involvement than NST, whereas pulmonary metastases are reported less often. ILC Metastases are frequently low-volume or infiltrative and may mimic benign or inflammatory conditions, complicating staging and follow-up. This didactic review provides a head-to-toe survey of metastatic ILC, combining radiology and nuclear medicine perspectives. It highlights diagnostic pitfalls and key imaging hallmarks, with emphasis on whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) and PET/CT strategies beyond^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ({\,}^18F-FDG), given the often low or heterogeneous FDG avidity of ILC, including^18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) and fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging. By integrating biological insights with state-of-the-art imaging, this review emphasises how the distinctive metastatic behaviour of ILC can lead to delayed detection. Increased awareness of these patterns and need for dedicated imaging approach among radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians is necessary to reduce missed or late diagnoses.
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BibTeX
@article{malhaire2026imaging,
title = {{Imaging patterns and diagnostic challenges in metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma}},
author = {Caroline Malhaire and F. Lecouvet and M. Bereby-Kahane and C.Ala Eddine and V. Fourchotte and B. Buecher and K. Van Baelen and R.D. Seban and C. Bonneau and F. Mechta-Grigoriou and L. Djerroudi and C. Desmedt and A. Vincent-Salomon and R. Dresen and V. Huchet},
journal = {European Journal of Radiology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.113152},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05793196v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Imaging patterns and diagnostic challenges in metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma
AU - Caroline Malhaire
AU - F. Lecouvet
AU - M. Bereby-Kahane
AU - C.Ala Eddine
AU - V. Fourchotte
AU - B. Buecher
AU - K. Van Baelen
AU - R.D. Seban
AU - C. Bonneau
AU - F. Mechta-Grigoriou
AU - L. Djerroudi
AU - C. Desmedt
AU - A. Vincent-Salomon
AU - R. Dresen
AU - V. Huchet
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/11
JO - European Journal of Radiology
DO - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.113152
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05793196v1
AB - Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common subtype of breast cancer after invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), previously referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. Loss of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion drives its characteristic diffuse infiltration, producing subtle or ill-defined lesions on imaging and contributing to underdiagnosis. ILC is heterogeneous, comprising a classical form and several variants-some of which, such as pleomorphic ILC, are considered more aggressive and carry distinct prognostic implications. ILC demonstrates a distinctive metastatic tropism, with a higher prevalence of peritoneal, gastrointestinal, ovarian, and leptomeningeal involvement than NST, whereas pulmonary metastases are reported less often. ILC Metastases are frequently low-volume or infiltrative and may mimic benign or inflammatory conditions, complicating staging and follow-up. This didactic review provides a head-to-toe survey of metastatic ILC, combining radiology and nuclear medicine perspectives. It highlights diagnostic pitfalls and key imaging hallmarks, with emphasis on whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) and PET/CT strategies beyond^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ({\,}^18F-FDG), given the often low or heterogeneous FDG avidity of ILC, including^18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) and fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging. By integrating biological insights with state-of-the-art imaging, this review emphasises how the distinctive metastatic behaviour of ILC can lead to delayed detection. Increased awareness of these patterns and need for dedicated imaging approach among radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians is necessary to reduce missed or late diagnoses.
SN - 0720-048X
ER -